Pharmacokinetics and physiologic effects of intramuscularly administered xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride-butorphanol tartrate alone or in combination with orally administered sodium salicylate on biomarkers of pain in Holstein calves following castration and dehorning

Baldridge, Sarah L.; Coetzee, Johann F.; Dritz, S. S.; Reinbold, James B.; Gehring, Ronette; Havel, James A.; KuKanich, Butch

doi:10.2460/ajvr.72.10.1305

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our investigation of chute exit velocity suggests that, in acclimated Holstein calves, the measure may be indicative of a difference in type or area of pain perception but did not indicate that a painful procedure increased the desire or ability to move away from the chute faster than control calves. Although as reported in Baldridge et al (2011) chute exit velocity is not useful in sedated calves, the measure might be a useful adjunct in assessing nonsedating methods of pain relief due to castration but not dehorning. Surgical castration is generally followed by a period of reduced BW gain, the severity of which is usually related to the age of the animal at the time of the procedure (Bretschneider, 2005;Stafford and Mellor, 2005b;AVMA, 2011a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study of 2-to 4-mo-old Holstein calves, Baldridge et al (2011) reported no net ADG over a period of 13 d after a concurrent castration and dehorning procedure. This result is similar to that observed after the same procedure (CD 1 ) in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of our 2-period study based upon cortisol results suggest that it cannot be definitively concluded from a single snapshot in time that 1 procedure is inherently more painful than another but that the age of the animal at the time of application is an important determinant of pain and stress perception. Baldridge et al (2011) investigated the possibility that the relative noxiousness of a procedure might be associated with the desire of the calf to escape the situation and that this might be measured by the velocity with which the calf left the chute. Baldridge et al (2011), observed no difference in chute exit velocity of nonsedated Holstein calves after a sham or an actual surgical castration and dehorning procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baldridge et al (2011) investigated the possibility that the relative noxiousness of a procedure might be associated with the desire of the calf to escape the situation and that this might be measured by the velocity with which the calf left the chute. Baldridge et al (2011), observed no difference in chute exit velocity of nonsedated Holstein calves after a sham or an actual surgical castration and dehorning procedure. We observed similar results of no difference between the chute exit velocity of control calves and those that were concurrently castrated and dehorned in Period 1 of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparative effects of castration and dehorning in series or concurrent castration and dehorning procedures on stress responses and production in Holstein calves1

Mosher

Wang

Allen

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study objective was to compare serum cortisol as an acute stress measure, chute exit velocity as a behavioral measure, and ADG as an indicator of performance and well-being after castration, dehorning, or concurrent castration/dehorning of calves when performed in parallel and in series. Intact male Holstein calves, 3 to 4 mo, underwent sham handling before 2 procedures performed in series separated by 2 to 3 wk. In Period 1, calves were either dehorned by amputation, surgically castrated, concurrently castrated/ dehorned, or served as nonsurgical controls (n = 10/treatment). In Period 2, calves that had been dehorned, castrated, or castrated/dehorned were then castrated, dehorned, or served as nonsurgical controls, respectively. Indicators of distress were measured after all procedures; ADG was assessed for 7 d after each procedure and over the 2 to 3 wk interim. Period 1 cortisol concentrations in dehorned calves were less than in castrated and castrated/dehorned calves at 120 min and from 50 to 240 min, respectively (P < 0.02). There was marginal evidence that cortisol concentrations were greater in castrated/dehorned than castrated calves at 60 min (P = 0.06). Period 2 cortisol concentrations were less in dehorned than castrated calves at 120 min (P = 0.005) but were greater from 360 to 480 min (P < 0.002). The Period 2 cortisol profile of control calves did not differ from the baseline obtained during sham handling, despite the intervening castration/dehorning in Period 1, suggesting that memory did not affect cortisol. The cortisol profile of castrated calves did not differ between periods except at 720 min, when Period 1 concentrations were greater than Period 2 (P = 0.02). Cortisol concentrations of calves dehorned in Period 2 were greater than those dehorned in Period 1 at 20 and 240 to 480 min (P < 0.05). In both periods, castrated calves exited the chute slower than dehorned calves (P < 0.05). The ADG did not differ between surgically treated calves in Period 1; in the interim, the ADG of castrated calves was greater than that of castrated/dehorned calves (difference ± SED, 1.4 ± 0.6 kg/d; P = 0.03), and in Period 2, the ADG of dehorned calves was less than castrated calves (1.8 ± 0.6 kg/d; P = 0.005). Our study supports both the common practice of concurrent castration/dehorning and the sequence of dehorning and castration. Delayed dehorning (vs. delayed castration) appeared to be more acutely stressful and more detrimental to ADG. ABSTRACT:The study objective was to compare serum cortisol as an acute stress measure, chute exit velocity as a behavioral measure, and ADG as an indicator of performance and well-being after castration, dehorning, or concurrent castration/dehorning of calves when performed in parallel and in series. Intact male Holstein calves, 3 to 4 mo, underwent sham handling before 2 procedures performed in series separated by 2 to 3 wk. In Period 1, calves were either dehorned by amputation, surgically castrated, concurrently castrated/ dehorned, or served as nonsurgical...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparative effects of castration and dehorning in series or concurrent castration and dehorning procedures on stress responses and production in Holstein calves1

Mosher

Wang

Allen

et al. 2013

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the NSAID sodium salicylate administered in drinking water for 2 d after dehorning and castration reduced serum cortisol after surgery and improved ADG over 13 d (Baldridge et al, 2011). Meloxicam is an NSAID that is approved in Canada for pain relief after disbudding in calves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oral meloxicam on health and performance of beef steers relative to bulls castrated on arrival at the feedlot1

Coetzee

Edwards

Mosher

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Castration in weaned calves is stressful and affects profitability by reducing ADG and increasing susceptibility to disease. This study evaluated the effect of meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on performance and health of calves received as steers compared with bull calves surgically castrated on arrival at the feedlot. British × Continental bulls (n = 145) and steers (n = 113; BW = 193 to 285 kg) were transported for 12 h in 3 truckloads (d 0), weighed, and randomly assigned to receive either lactose placebo (CONT; 1 mg/kg) or meloxicam (MEL; 1 mg/kg) suspended in water and administered per os, 24 h before castration. On d 1, bulls were surgically castrated (CAST) and steers were processed without castration (STR). Combinations of CONT/MEL and CAST/STR were allocated to 24 pens (6 pens per treatment) of 8 to 14 calves each. Pen was the experimental unit. Plasma meloxicam concentrations at the time of castration (d 1) were determined by HPLC-mass spectroscopy. Pen-level ADG, DMI, and G:F were estimated using BW obtained on d 0, 14, and 28 and weigh-back of feed. Individual animals were classified as sick based on a depression score of ≥2 on a 5-point scale and a rectal temperature of ≥39.8°C. On d 0, 1, and 14, calf chute temperament was evaluated using a 4-point scale. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models and survival curve analyses. Castration reduced pen ADG (P < 0.001) and G:F (P < 0.001) from d 1 to 14, yet no effects (P > 0.45) were apparent by d 28. For all treatment groups, DMI increased with days on feed (P < 0.0001) but was less in CAST compared with STR calves (P < 0.016) throughout the study. From d 15 to 28, ADG increased (P = 0.0011) in CAST but not STR calves, and G:F decreased (P = 0.0004) in STR but not CAST calves. In CAST calves only, MEL treatment reduced the pen-level first pull rate (P = 0.04) and reduced bovine respiratory disease morbidity rate (P = 0.03). The frequency of chute escape behavior was greater on arrival and at castration in CAST vs. STR calves (P < 0.01) but not significantly different at d 14 (P = 0.22). Mean MEL concentrations at castration were no different between treated STR and CAST calves (P = 0.70). Meloxicam administration before castration in postweaning calves reduced the incidence of respiratory disease at the feedlot. These findings have implications for developing NSAID protocols for use in calves at castration with respect to addressing animal health and welfare concerns. ABSTRACT: Castration in weaned calves is stressful and affects profitability by reducing ADG and increasing susceptibility to disease. This study evaluated the effect of meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on performance and health of calves received as steers compared with bull calves surgically castrated on arrival at the feedlot. British × Continental bulls (n = 145) and steers (n = 113; BW = 193 to 285 kg) were transported for 12 h in 3 truckloads (d 0), weighed, and randomly assigned to receive either lactose pla...

show abstract

Regulatory and legal considerations of anesthetics and analgesics used in food‐producing animals

Passler

2014

Farm Animal Anesthesia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pharmacokinetics and physiologic effects of intramuscularly administered xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride-butorphanol tartrate alone or in combination with orally administered sodium salicylate on biomarkers of pain in Holstein calves following castration and dehorning

Abstract: SAL administered PO through drinking water decreased cortisol concentrations and reduced the decrease in ADG associated with castration and dehorning in calves.

Cited by 51 publications

References 49 publications

Comparative effects of castration and dehorning in series or concurrent castration and dehorning procedures on stress responses and production in Holstein calves1

Comparative effects of castration and dehorning in series or concurrent castration and dehorning procedures on stress responses and production in Holstein calves1

Effect of oral meloxicam on health and performance of beef steers relative to bulls castrated on arrival at the feedlot1

Regulatory and legal considerations of anesthetics and analgesics used in food‐producing animals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About