Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics of Intravenous, Intrathecal, and Epidural Clonidine in Sheep

Castro, M. I.; Eisenach, James C.

doi:10.1097/00000542-198909000-00018

Cited by 102 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…current in rat sciatic nerve C fibers (450 lM) and in rabbit vagus C-fibers (647 lM) [36][37][38]. It was reported that intrathecal injection of 100 lg dexmedetomidine or 300 lg clonidine-an antinociceptive dose-produced 0.5-50 lmol in the CSF [9,39,40]. This concentration of clonidine in the CSF was much lower than the IC 50 of clonidine obtained in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Dexmedetomidine and clonidine inhibit the function of NaV1.7 independent of α2-adrenoceptor in adrenal chromaffin cells

et al. 2011

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Dexmedetomidine and clonidine inhibit the function of NaV1.7 independent of α2-adrenoceptor in adrenal chromaffin cells

et al. 2011

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“…The analgesia produced by spinal clonidine persists after spinal transection [153]. Also, the direct administration of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists into the brainstem did not produce analgesia [154,155]. Indeed, stimulation of the alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the locus coeruleus potentially reduces the analgesia elicited at the level of the spinal cord by inhibition of noradrenergic antinociceptive descending pathways [156].…”

Section: Analgesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha‐2 and imidazoline receptor agonistsTheir pharmacology and therapeutic role

Khan¹,

Ferguson²,

Jones³

1999

Anaesthesia

598

423

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SummaryClonidine has proved to be a clinically useful adjunct in clinical anaesthetic practice as well as in chronic pain therapy because it has both anaesthetic and analgesic-sparing activity. The more selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists, dexmedetomidine and mivazerol, may also have a role in providing haemodynamic stability in patients who are at risk of peri-operative ischaemia. The side-effects of hypotension and bradycardia have limited the routine use of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists. Investigations into the molecular pharmacology of alpha-2 adrenoceptors have elucidated their role in the control of wakefulness, blood pressure and antinociception. We discuss the pharmacology of alpha-2 adrenoceptors and their therapeutic role in this review.

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“…In addition, the expression of α 2 adrenoreceptor in rat trigeminal root ganglion neurons has been reported, by Takeda et al [14], and this phenomenon may explain the antinociceptive effect of DEX in our patient. There are some lines of evidence to suggest that the analgesic mechanism of α 2 agonists is not due to their action upon α 2 adrenoreceptors in the locus coeruleus, although this supraspinal mechanism of analgesic action has not been completely excluded [10,15,16]. In the treatment of postoperative pain, there are a number of reports that the administration of α 2 agonists can reduce the use of opioids, local anesthetics, and other analgesics [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine in a patient with herpetic stomatitis after living-donor lung transplantation

et al. 2008

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A 31-year-old woman suffering from bronchiolitis obliterans received bilateral living-donor lung transplantation to treat end-stage respiratory failure. After 5 days' mechanical ventilation, the patient was successfully extubated. During mechanical ventilation, the patient was sedated with a continuous intravenous infusion of propofol and dexmedetomidine (DEX). To assuage postoperative pain, morphine was infused, first intravenously, then epidurally. The administration of DEX was continued after extubation to prevent agitation. After the administration of epidural morphine was discontinued on day 10 in the intensive care unit (ICU), the patient complained of pain in the oral cavity. Greater pain was reported after the discontinuation of DEX, and symptoms of tachycardia and dyspnea appeared. A dermatologist diagnosed the oral symptoms as herpetic stomatitis, and a course of treatment with aciclovir was begun. A continuous infusion of DEX was again started on the same day, and was continued until ICU day 13. During the administration of DEX, the oral cavity pain was bearable. The patient was successfully discharged from the ICU on ICU day 13. We conclude that DEX could be used to provide analgesia for herpetic stomatitis after living-donor lung transplantation, at a dosage that achieves appropriate sedation.

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Pharmacokinetics and Dynamics of Intravenous, Intrathecal, and Epidural Clonidine in Sheep

Cited by 102 publications

References 0 publications

Dexmedetomidine and clonidine inhibit the function of NaV1.7 independent of α2-adrenoceptor in adrenal chromaffin cells

Dexmedetomidine and clonidine inhibit the function of NaV1.7 independent of α2-adrenoceptor in adrenal chromaffin cells

Alpha‐2 and imidazoline receptor agonistsTheir pharmacology and therapeutic role

Analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine in a patient with herpetic stomatitis after living-donor lung transplantation

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