Pharmacokinetics and distribution of ampicillin in plasma, milk and uterine fluid of female buffaloes

Abstract

A pharmacokinetic study of ampicillin (6 mg/kg intravenous) revealed that the peak concentrations of 17.81 +/- 1.25, 5.64 +/- 2.24 and 1.09 +/- 0.10 micrograms/ml of the drug were attained at 15 min, 30 min and 2 h in plasma, milk and uterine fluid respectively. A therapeutic concentration of greater than or equal to 0.1 microgram/ml was maintained from 15 min-8 h, 15 min-6 h and 30 min-6 h in plasma, milk and uterine fluid. Hence, the drug may be used effectively in mammary gland and uterine infections apart from its use in other systemic infections.

Pharmacokinetic - pharmacodynamic model and ampicillin residue depletion after intramammary administration in cows

“…Therefore, the results had to be related only to the research taking into consideration intravascularly or intramuscularly administered aminopenicillins. Only the course of the concentration-time curve for milk after intravascular administration of ampicillin (10,22,23) can provide a reliable reference for concentration-time curves after intramammary administration of penicillins. In this investigation, after intramammary administration, ampicillin was detectable in milk for 2-60 h. However, intravenously administered ampicillin (6 mg/kg) in buffalo persisted in milk for only 8 h (22).…”

“…Calculations were carried out regardless of the compartmental model in the range of slopes, highest, amounts, and moments (SHAM) analysis. In the SHAM analysis, the following were calculated: AUC0-t -area under the curve calculated between zero and the last sampling point; AUC0-inf -area under the curve calculated between zero and infinity; AUMC0-t -area under the first moment of curve calculated between zero and the last sampling point; AUMC0-inf -area under the first moment of curve calculated between zero and infinity; MRT0-tmean residence time calculated for the last sampling point; MRT0-inf -mean residence time calculated for infinity; AUCrest% -percentage of the rest area under the curve; Cmax -maximal concentration; tmax -time to rich maximal concentration; Clast -the last measured concentration; tlast -time of the last measured concentration (15,16,22,27).…”

“…The second compartment was the udder tissue compartment (tissue compartment). Within the compartment kinetics, the following were calculated: kel -elimination rate constant (from the last three concentrations); kddistribution rate constant; t1/2kel -elimination half-life; t1/2kd -distribution half-life; B -concentration extrapolated by elimination phase; A -concentration extrapolated by distribution phase; C0 -zero concentration; k10 -elimination rate from milk compartment; k20 -elimination rate from tissue compartment; k12 -rate constant between milk and tissue concentration; k21 -rate constant between tissue and milk concentration; CL -total clearance; V1 -milk compartment volume; V2 -tissue compartment (17,19,22,28).…”

“…The pharmacokinetic profile of ampicillin has been presented in several publications (6-9, 12, 13, 23, 25). Ampicillin has been studied on alpacas, llamas (4,23,24), lactating sheep and goats (9), cattle (16), female buffaloes (22), and neonatal calves (13). However, up to now, there has been no research on ampicillin pharmacokinetics in cow's udder after single intramammary administration.…”

Withdrawal of amoxicillin and penicillin G procaine from milk after intramammary administration in dairy cows with mastitis

“…Pharmacokinetic profiles of AMX and AMP in animals have been presented in several publications ( 7 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 15 , 20 , 21 , 29 ). Ampicillin has been studied in alpacas ( 28 ), llamas ( 5 , 29 ), lactating sheep and goats ( 15 ), cattle ( 12 ), female buffaloes ( 26 ), and neonatal calves ( 21 ). The pharmacokinetic profile of AMX has been investigated in sheep and goats ( 7 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 20 ).…”