Pharmacokinetics and biosafety evaluation of a veterinary drug florfenicol in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) as a model cultivable fish species in temperate water

Abstract

In two experimental trials; florfenicol pharmacokinetics following a single dose oral administration at 15 mg kg−1 fish body weight and biosafety through extended medicated feeding were studied in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The pharmacokinetic trial was conducted for 5 days, whereas the biosafety experiment lasted for a 30-day safety margin followed by a 20-day residual period analysis at 3, 5 and 10 times greater than the therapeutic dose 10 mg kg−1 biomass day−1. Cmax µg kg−1 calculated for florfenicol were found to be 5,360 in intestine, 2,890 in gill, 2,250 in kidney, 973 in liver and 273 in plasma, obtained at Tmax of 16 h. Intestine had utmost area under the concentration–time curve (tissue/plasma) of 13.83 h μg kg−1 and a prolonged half life (t1/2ß) of 28.62 h. The highest apparent metabolic rate value in the kidney (0.327) showed a high level of biotransformation of florfenicol to its metabolite florfenicol amine. The apparent distribution rate of florfenicol amine in muscle, in comparison to the parent drug florfenicol, indicated elimination of the medication mostly in the form of florfenicol amine with t1/2 of 16.75 h. The biosafety of florfenicol orally administered to rainbow trout recorded effective feed consumption, physiological responses, drug tolerance and significantly low drug concentrations in muscle of rainbow trout, thus its usage at 10 mg kg−1 fish body weight is recommended. In the study, the rapid absorption, greater bioavailability, enhanced dispersion, slower elimination and biosafety of the drug form a significant basis for the florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine as a useful antibacterial agent in aquaculture.

Dietary Nanocurcumin Impacts Blood Biochemical Parameters and Works Synergistically with Florfenicol in African Catfish Challenged with Aeromonas veronii

“…Medicated feed was the sole ration for 15 consecutive days prior to sampling and experimental infection. The high dose was chosen according to a previous study [30], in which the pharmacokinetics and biosafety of FFC were evaluated at different doses.…”

Bandgap-Regulated Electrochemiluminescence Enhancement Strategy for Florfenicol Detection Based on ZrCuO3: A Multimodal Luminophore

“…Florfenicol (FF) is an injectable antibiotic that belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of drugs. It is extensively used in aquaculture to treat various fish diseases. , In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the potential environmental impacts of fluoroquinolones, particularly on aquatic organisms. − FF can bioaccumulate in fish and other aquatic species, which poses a risk to human health when consuming seafood. − There have been calls for increased regulation of fluoroquinolone use in agriculture and food production. Consequently, it is crucial to detect FF residues in fish, other food sources, and the water environment to safeguard human health.…”