Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of chromium malate and its influence on trace metals absorption after oral or intravenous administration

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:In our preliminary study, chromium malate could decrease the blood glucose level in mice with diabetes and exhibits good benefits in treating glycometabolism and adipose metabolization obstacle in rats with type 2 diabetes. This study was aimed at assessing the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of chromium malate and influence on trace metals absorption in rats.METHODS:BAPP 2.3 pharmacokinetic calculating program (China Pharmaceutical University Medicine Center) was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Models of type 2 diabetic mellitus rats were applied to analyzed Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents.RESULTS:The results showed that mean retention time (MRT) in chromium malate group was significantly prolonged and the area under the curve (AUC) and relative bioavailability of chromium malate (male) group were significant increase compared to chromium picolinate group. The serum Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents in chromium malate (at doses of 15 and 20 μg Cr/kg bw) groups were significantly increased compared to control group, chromium trichloride group, and chromium picolinate group in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.CONCLUSIONS:Those results indicated that chromium malate can significantly prolong MRT and increase AUC (male). Moreover, chromium malate is more effective at treating increased serum Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents compared to chromium trichloride and chromium picolinate.

Safety and efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir combination in COVID-19: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis

“…[ 52 ] Ritonavir boosting also increases the therapeutically active unbound fraction of the second protease inhibitor by the saturation of protein binding sites. [ 53 54 ] Protease in SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role in the life cycle of the virus owing to its role in the cleavage of polyproteins and subsequent release of nonstructural proteins. Although L/R combination came out to be good binders against SARS-CoV-2 protease and showed inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 activity invitro, clinical efficacy is not established.…”