Pharmacokinetic study of ginsenoside Re with pure ginsenoside Re and ginseng berry extracts in mouse using ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric method

Joo, Kyung Mi; Lee, Ji Hae; Jeon, Hyun Jeong; Park, Chan Woong; Hong, Deok Ki; Jeong, Hye Jin; Lee, Sang Jun; Lee, Seok Yong; Lim, Kyung Min

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2009.08.013

Cited by 106 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…From our present research, all 3 ocotillol type ginsenosides after oral intake have low plasma exposure and poor absorption into blood. Low bioavailability was also previously mentioned in other ginsenosides, including 20(S)-and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg 3 epimers [16], ginsenoside Rc [17], Rb 1 , Rb 2 and Rb 3 [18], Re [19], Rh 2 [20], and Rg 1 [21]. The main reasons that affected low bioavailability of ginsenosides could be summarized to 2 points.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Pharmacokinetic Characterizations of Ginsenoside Ocotillol, RT5 and F11, the Promising Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease from American Ginseng, in Rats and Beagle Dogs

et al. 2019

Pharmacology

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Background: Ocotillol, RT₅ and F₁₁, the main active components of ocotillol type ginsenosides, have attracted a lot of attention due to their beneficial effects on neurodegenerative disease models of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacokinetic (PK) is a bridge linking the herbal medicines and their pharmacological responses. However, few data are available regarding PK behaviors of ocotillol type ginsenosides. Methods: The liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods were developed and validated to calculate the concentrations of 3 ginsenosides in different biological matrices. Rat and beagle dog plasma samples were deproteinized with methanol and separated on Shim-pack GIST C₁₈ column. All of the analytes were detected in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring. Results: The methods showed good linearity (r > 0.996) in the established concentration range. All validated data, such as specificity, intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability were within required limits. The values of C_max and AUC_(0–t) indicated ocotillol type ginsenosides had low systemic exposure and poor absorption into blood. T_1/2 and MRT_(0–t) demonstrated the elimination process of ocotillol type ginsenosides might be slow. Double peaks were observed in the mean plasma concentration versus time profiles of ocotillol, RT₅, and F₁₁ after oral intake. Conclusions: This was the first PK investigation of the ocotillol type ginsenosides in rats and beagle dogs. The results we found here were helpful to our understanding of the absorption mechanism of ocotillol type ginsenosides and provided the scientific basis for further pre-clinical research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Pharmacokinetic Characterizations of Ginsenoside Ocotillol, RT5 and F11, the Promising Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease from American Ginseng, in Rats and Beagle Dogs

et al. 2019

Pharmacology

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“…Thus, we report that Re can transverse the BBB and that its PK parameters in the brain provide evidence for the pharmacological actions of Re on the CNS. Whether the metabolites of Re can traverse the BBB and whether they are also involved in its pharmacological actions are important issues we will continue to explore [32] . Re has proved to have potential as a cognition enhancer, but the mechanisms underlying its cognitive effects remain unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this method of administration is not typical, as it bypasses the issue of bioavailability. It has been reported that the absolute bioavailability of Re is only 7.06% in rats [32] and 0.19%-0.28% in mice [36] . This poor bioavailability is possibly due to biotransformation to Rh1 and G-F1 by intestinal microflora before absorption into the blood [37] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and dopamine/acetylcholine releasing effects of ginsenoside Re in hippocampus and mPFC of freely moving rats

Xue

Zhao²,

2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: To investigate the pharmacokinetics and dopamine/acetylcholine-releasing effects of ginsenoside Re (Re) in brain regions related to learning and memory, and to clarify the neurochemical mechanisms underlying its anti-dementia activity. Methods: Microdialysis was conducted on awake, freely moving adult male SD rats with dialysis probes implanted into the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or the third ventricle. The concentrations of Re, dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh) in dialysates were determined using LC-MS/MS. Results: Subcutaneous administration of a single dose of Re (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg) rapidly distributed to the cerebrospinal fluid and exhibited linear pharmacokinetics. The peak concentration (C max ) occurred at 60 min for all doses. Re was not detectable after 240 min in the dialysates for the low dose of 12.5 mg/kg. At the same time, Re dose-dependently increased extracellular levels of DA and ACh in the hippocampus and mPFC, and more prominent effects were observed in the hippocampus. Conclusion: The combined study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Re demonstrate that increase of extracellular levels of DA and ACh, particularly in the hippocampus, may contribute, at least in part, to the anti-dementia activity of Re.

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“…5 Phytochemical profile of GB is significantly different compared to ginseng root; it has been reported that ginsenoside Re is notably higher in GB than in the ginseng root. 6 In addition, GB extracts (GBEs) are also a rich source of vitamin E, vitamin K, folic acid, and potassium. 7 GB has been reported to possess antioxidation, anti-inflammation, collagen synthesis facilitation, skin wrinkle care, whitening, moisturizing, skin barrier improvement, and atopy alleviation effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng-berry-mediated gold and silver nanoparticle synthesis and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity effects on human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma skin cell lines

Pérez¹,

Mathiyalagan²,

Markus³

et al. 2017

IJN

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There has been a growing interest in the design of environmentally affable and biocompatible nanoparticles among scientists to find novel and safe biomaterials. Panax ginseng Meyer berries have unique phytochemical profile and exhibit beneficial pharmacological activities such as antihyperglycemic, antiobesity, antiaging, and antioxidant properties. A comprehensive study of the biologically active compounds in ginseng berry extract (GBE) and the ability of ginseng berry (GB) as novel material for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (GBAuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (GBAgNPs) was conducted. In addition, the effects of GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs on skin cell lines for further potential biological applications are highlighted. GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs were synthesized using aqueous GBE as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their size, morphology, and crystallinity. The nanoparticles were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity activities and for morphological changes in human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma skin cell lines. The phytochemicals contained in GBE effectively reduced and capped gold and silver ions to form GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs. The optimal synthesis conditions (ie, temperature and v/v % of GBE) and kinetics were investigated. Polysaccharides and phenolic compounds present in GBE were suggested to be responsible for stabilization and functionalization of nanoparticles. GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs showed increased scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals compared to GBE. GBAuNPs and GBAgNPs effectively inhibited mushroom tyrosinase, while GBAgNPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . In addition, GBAuNPs were nontoxic to human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma cell lines, and GBAgNPs showed cytotoxic effect on murine melanoma cell lines. The current results evidently suggest that GBAgNPs can act as potential agents for antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and antibacterial activities. In addition, GBAuNPs can be further developed into mediators in drug delivery and as antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and protective skin agents in cosmetic products. Consequently, the study showed the advantages of using nanotechnology and green chemistry to enhance the natural properties of GBs.

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Pharmacokinetic study of ginsenoside Re with pure ginsenoside Re and ginseng berry extracts in mouse using ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric method

Cited by 106 publications

References 19 publications

Pharmacokinetic Characterizations of Ginsenoside Ocotillol, RT<sub>5</sub> and F<sub>11</sub>, the Promising Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease from American Ginseng, in Rats and Beagle Dogs

Pharmacokinetic Characterizations of Ginsenoside Ocotillol, RT<sub>5</sub> and F<sub>11</sub>, the Promising Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease from American Ginseng, in Rats and Beagle Dogs

Pharmacokinetics and dopamine/acetylcholine releasing effects of ginsenoside Re in hippocampus and mPFC of freely moving rats

Ginseng-berry-mediated gold and silver nanoparticle synthesis and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity effects on human dermal fibroblast and murine melanoma skin cell lines

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