Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of marbofloxacin against Aeromonas hydrophila in Chinese soft‐shelled turtles (Trionyx sinensis)

Abstract

The single-dose disposition kinetics of the antibiotic marbofloxacin were determined in Chinese soft-shelled turtles (n = 10) after oral and intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 10 mg/kg bodyweight. The in vitro and ex vivo activities of marbofloxacin in serum against a pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila were determined. A concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity of marbofloxacin was confirmed for levels lower than 4 × MIC. For in vivo PK data, values of AUC: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratio for serum were 1166.6 and 782.4 h, respectively, after i.m. and oral dosing of marbofloxacin against a pathogenic strain of A. hydrophila (MIC = 0.05 μg/mL). The ex vivo growth inhibition data after oral dosing were fitted to the inhibitory sigmoid Emax equation to provide the values of AUC/MIC required to produce bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity and elimination of bacteria. The respective values were 23.79, 36.35 and 126.46 h. It is proposed that these findings might be used with MIC50 or MIC90 data to provide a rational approach to the design of dosage schedules, which optimize efficacy in respect of bacteriological as well as clinical cures.

Expression of a Shiga-Like Toxin during Plastic Colonization by Two Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter freundii RIT669, Isolated from Endangered Turtles (Clemmys guttata)

“…A. hydrophila is common to infect turtles, fish and other amphibians as well as humans, as it is widely distributed in fresh water, estuarine and marine environments [138,139]. Among turtles, A. hydrophila infections were reported in Pseudemis scripta [140] and soft-shelled turtles (Trionyx sinensis) [141][142][143]. In the 1994 outbreak of A. hydrophila in Italy, there was a 95% mortality rate and the autopsies revealed infection in visceral organs [140].…”

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of enrofloxacin against Aeromonas hydrophila in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

“…() and Shan et al. (). In brief, ENR solution(2 ml; in MHB or serum)at twice the required final maximum concentration was added to 1 ml of MHB or serum.…”

Pharmacokinetics of injectable marbofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in red‐eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)

“…In pharmacokinetic studies involving other reptile species, and similarly to other quinolones, MBX has demonstrated to be a lipid‐soluble organic acid with good tissue penetration (concentrations normally exceeding those in plasma) and volumes of distribution in excess of body water volume (>1 L/kg): in Trachemys scripta scripta 1.59 ± 1.47, 1.52 ± 1.17, and 0.47 ± 0,46 L/kg after intracoelomic dose of 0.4, 2, and 10 mg/kg, respectively (Vercelli et al, ); in Tryonix sinensis 2.43 and 4.66 L/kg after IM and PO dose of 10 mg/kg (Shan et al, ); 1.45 ± 0.24 L/kg after IM dose of 2 mg/kg in Crocodylus siamensis (Poapolathep et al, ). In the present study, the apparent volume of distribution resulted particularly low (100.90 ± 27.83, 372.42 ± 100.17 and 660.64 ± 83.12 ml/kg after IV, IM in forelimb and in IM in hindlimb, respectively), suggesting a scarce tissue distribution or a low accumulation of the drug in specific organs.…”