Pharmacokinetic comparisons of <i>S</i>-oxiracetam and <i>R</i>-oxiracetam in beagle dogs

Wang, Wusan; Ji, Hui; Li, Tingting; Jia, Yuanwei; Xie, Haiyang

doi:10.1515/acph-2016-0013

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…hydrogen adsorption/desorption region (from −0.2 to 0.1 V), double-layer capacitance region (from 0.1 to 0.5 V), and surface oxide (OH ads ) formation/stripping region (>0.5 V). 30 In the potential range from −0.2 ∼ 0.0 V, three hydrogen desorption peaks are observed at about −0.15, −0.05, 0.00 V, which are corresponding to the catalytic effects of Pt (111), (110) and (100) planes, respectively. Electrocatalytic activity is attributed to the structure sensitivity of sulfate anion adsorption rate on (100) and (111) planes and its inhibiting effect, 31,32 where catalyst with a high ratio of (100)/(111) were reported to have enhanced electrocatalytic activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

WO₃-N-doped Carbon Supported PtSn Nanoparticles for Improved Ethanol Oxidation

Wang

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new nitrogen-doped carbon support for Pt-based electrocatalysts was prepared by carbonizing polypyrrole formed on the surface of WO 3 nanoparticles (WO 3 -CN x ). Morphologies of WO 3 -CN x and PtSn/WO 3 -CN x were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. PtSn nanoparticles were well-dispersed on the surface of WO 3 -CN x . Electrocatalytic results showed that PtSn/WO 3 -CN x is more active than PtSn/C in the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), since smaller PtSn nanoparticles were grown on the surface of WO 3 -CN x and highly electrically conductive WO 3 -CN x facilitated the electron transport occurred during the EOR. PtSn/WO 3 -CN x also exhibited better durability and higher stability in ethanol oxidation reaction than PtSn/C. These results indicated that WO 3 -CN x has potential to be used as a catalytic support with high-performance for Pt-based electrocatalysts used in fuel cells.PtSn nanoparticles deposited on carbon support are the most promising catalyst for the ethanol oxidation reaction among various Pt-based binary catalysts. 1 In order to further improve PtSn/C catalytic activity toward EOR, the efforts are currently focus on the effect of synthesis methods on the composition and structure of PtSn/C which have a huge impact on EOR catalytic activity. 2-6 Currently, carbon black is widely used as catalyst support material for Pt-based electrocatalysts. 7 However, the corrosion of carbon under the fuel cell operating conditions has been identified to be the major contributor to the low catalyst performance, durability and reliability, 8 which is one of the major barriers to the wide application of Pt-based electrocatalysts. The support for Pt-based electrocatalyst is of equal importance as the active material nanoparticles for the catalytic performance and stability of the catalyst. 8 Therefore, there is an urgent demand for developing alternative support with much better durability and stability. For the new alternatives, some requirements should be met, such as high surface area, high dispersion of catalytic metals and high corrosion resistance under the harsh fuel cell operating conditions. With regard to the development of alternative to conventional carbon support for fuel cell catalysts, a lot of work has been done in the past decades. The alternative support materials, including metal support, nitride, carbide, mesoporous silicas, metal oxides and conducting polymers have been widely investigated to solve the corrosion issue, which is suffered by the traditional carbon supports. 7 Among these alternative support materials, metal oxides are considered to be promising support materials using in electrocatalysts for fuel cell. Various metal oxides, such as V 2 O 5 , 9 WO x , 10 were developed as supports to enhance the stability and performance of Pt-based electrocatalysts. Among these oxides, WO 3 is considered as a potential non-carbon catalyst support for Pt and PtRu and the obtained Pt/WO 3 catalysts showed very high catalytic activi...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

WO₃-N-doped Carbon Supported PtSn Nanoparticles for Improved Ethanol Oxidation

Wang

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This suggests that the varying effects of (S)-oxiracetam and (R)-oxiracetam may be partially attributed to their distinct absorption rates. 30,31 In recent years, other potential mechanisms for improving cognitive impairment by oxiracetam have been discovered, sparking interest among researchers. Studies have shown that in the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model of adult rats, oxiracetam can ameliorate cognitive impairments induced by CCH, preventing defects in neural plasticity, white matter damage, and synaptic ultrastructure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to classical pharmacological theory, a higher absorption rate corresponds to a higher concentration and stronger effects. This suggests that the varying effects of (S)‐oxiracetam and (R)‐oxiracetam may be partially attributed to their distinct absorption rates 30,31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of L‐oxiracetam and oxiracetam on memory and cognitive impairment in mild‐to‐moderate traumatic brain injury patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Liu,

Nie

et al. 2024

Aging Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesPatients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often suffer memory and cognitive impairments, and oxiracetam‐like drugs are considered to have a positive impact on these symptoms potentially. However, the efficacy and safety of L‐oxiracetam and oxiracetam in TBI patients have not been sufficiently investigated.MethodsThe study adopts a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, phase 3 clinical trial design in 74 centers across 51 hospitals in China. A total of 590 TBI patients meeting criteria will be randomly allocated into three groups in a 2:2:1 ratio: L‐oxiracetam group, oxiracetam group, and placebo group. The treatment period is 14 days, with a follow‐up period of 90 days. The primary outcome measure is the change in the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment score at 90 days after treatment. Secondary outcomes include changes in other cognitive assessments, neurological function, activities of daily living, and safety assessments.DiscussionThere is no robust evidence to suggest that L‐oxiracetam and oxiracetam can enhance memory and cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate TBI. This study has the potential to answer this crucial clinical question.Trial registrationchinadrugtrials.org.cn, identifier CTR20192539; ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04205565.

show abstract