Pharmacokinetic Changes According to Single or Multiple Oral Administrations of Socheongryong-Tang to Rats: Presented as a Typical Example of Changes in the Pharmacokinetics Following Multiple Exposures to Herbal Medicines
Abstract:The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of ephedrine, paeoniflorin, and cinnamic acid after single or multiple doses of Socheongryong-tang (SCRT) were administered to rats, and to present an example of the pharmacokinetic changes following multiple doses of an herbal medicine. SCRT is a traditional herbal medicine that has been used clinically for a long time, and its main ingredients include ephedrine, paeoniflorin, and cinnamic acid. However, studies on the pharmacokinetic… Show more
Flexible liposomes (FL) have been developed as novel transdermal delivery systems. However, the skin barrier impairs the drug penetration and absorption. In this study, we designed, characterized and evaluated a total glucosides of Paeony (TPG) loaded FL (TFL) topically drug deliver
system for arthritis treatment. The novelty is that the essential oil from the Twigs of Cinnamomum Cassia (EOCC) was incorporated in TFL as drug penetrating enhancer. Interestingly, the EOCC addition didn’t significantly change the characteristic parameters of the TFL in terms
of morphology, size distribution, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Remarkably, EOCC-embedded TGP-loaded FL (EOCC-TFL) dramatically prevented the drug leakage and improved the TGP skin penetration in vitro (4.6, 1.8, and 1.5 times higher than the TGP solution, TGP and EOCC
mixture, and TFL, respectively). Moreover, despite of the low dose (175 mg/kg which was half dose of the TGP gavage group), this optimized formulation exhibited favorable anti-inflammatory effects in vivo on arthritis rats with significantly reduced swollen toe volume and serum inflammatory
factor levels. This study lays solid foundation for the engineering liposomes with EOCC for transdermal drug delivery.
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