Pharmacognostic Standardisation and Phytochemical Evaluation on the Seeds of Two Vitis Vinefera L. Varieties Grown in Kashmir Valley, India

Abstract

Introduction: Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the largest fruit crop widely grown throughout the world and their seeds are considered a relevant source of polyphenol compounds. Objective: To carry out phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of the seeds of Vitis vinefera L. Var sahibi and hussaini, family vitiaceae as per WHO guidelines. Materials and Methods: In present investigation, the detailed pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic properties, macroscopical, micro scopical characters, physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical screening for major groups of compounds and other WHO recommended parameters for standardization of the seeds of Vitis vinefera L. Var. sahibi and hussaini. Results: Macro and microscopic characters of Vitis vinefera L. seeds Var. sahibi and hussaini were analyzed. Physicochemical parameters such as foreign matter, extractive values, ash content, pH and fluorescent behaviour of seed powder were done by using WHO recommended parameters. A preliminary phytochemical screening was done and revealed

Pharmacognostical and Physicochemical Analysis of Cleome viscosa L. Seeds

“…In traditional system of medicine, leaves, seeds and roots of the plant are widely used as an anthelmintic, antiseptic, cardiac stimulant, carminative, anticonvulsant, antidiarrhoeal, antipyretic and are also used to treat skin diseases. 6,7 In previous phytochemical studies, Cleome viscosa L. seeds have been reported to contain Oct-1-ene, Heptane-4-one, Heptane-2-one, Non-1-ene, α-pinene, dehydrosabenene, 6-Methylhept-5-ene-2-one, E-ocimene, myrcene, p-cymene, limonene, dehydrolinalool, undecan, limonene oxide, α-tepeniol, benzoic acid, Deca-2,4-dien-1-al, Decan-2-ol, Gerniol, Undec-10-e-1-al. 8 The literature survey reveals that there is no systematic pharmacognostical and physiochemical study for Cleome viscosa L. seeds has been undertaken yet.…”

Evaluation of the Phytochemistry–Therapeutic Activity Relationship for Grape Seeds Oil

“…Leaves are alternate, palmately lobed, with three to five pointed lobes, glossy dark green above, light green below. The flowers are small and greenish to white, clustered in inflorescences [ 21 , 22 ]. The calyx is monosepalous with five short teeth.…”

“…Ripe fruits are grey. The shape of the seed was pear-shaped, the color of the seed was dark brown, the surface is smooth with ridges on the back surface, the apex is discoidal, the size is 4–8 mm long, and the taste is bitter [ 22 ].…”

Quality Control of Herbal Medicines: From Traditional Techniques to State-of-the-art Approaches

“…posed the detection of secondary metabolites by classical phytochemical tests when defining quality standards for medicinal plant species [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] (Table 2S, Supporting Information). Among the reviewed phytochemical screening studies, the most frequently used tests were those aimed at detecting the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids.…”

“…Although these tests have been used historically for identification purposes, especially before the popularization of modern chromatographic techniques, most of them show poor specificity and, therefore, the WHO has discouraged their inclusion in pharmacopeial monographs, unless they can provide useful information 10 . Nevertheless, several authors, mainly in developing countries, have proposed the detection of secondary metabolites by classical phytochemical tests when defining quality standards for medicinal plant species 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ( Table 2S , Supporting Information). Among the reviewed phytochemical screening studies, the most frequently used tests were those aimed at detecting the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids.…”