Pharmacognostic Specification and Rotenone Content in Derris elliptica Stems

Abstract

Introduction: Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. (Leguminosae) is the tropical plant which has been used as natural poison as well as veterinary medicine due to its best-known phytochemical compound, rotenone to kill invertebrates and fish. However, there is no report on pharmacognostic specification and quantification of rotenone content from D. elliptica stems. Objective: This present study aimed to conduct the pharmacognostic parameters as well as to conduct the validated methods to quantify rotenone content in D. elliptica stems following WHO guideline. Methods: Dried D. elliptica stems from 15 different areas in Thailand were examined for pharmacognostic secification. Their rotenone contents were quantitatively analyzed by TLC densitometry using winCATS software as well as TLC-image analysis using ImageJ free software. Results: Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, TLC fingerprint and physicochemical parameters were reported in this study. The water content, loss on drying, total ash content and acidinsoluble ash content were determined to be 8.81±1.30, 5.77 ±0.92, 7.35±0.63, 1.221±0.20%, respectively. The ethanol, and water-soluble extractive values were found to be 4.07±1.23 and 11.31±1.68%, respectively. Additionally, the validation method for quantification of rotenone content was developed. The contents of rotenone in D. elliptica stem ethanolic extract evaluated by TLC-densitometry and TLC-image analysis were found to be 0.2870±0.1242 and 0.2844±0.1209% by dried weight, respectively. The result between these two analytical methods were shown no significant difference. Conclusion: The validated methods were able to effectively quantify rotenone content in D. elliptica stems from various locations in Thailand which could be used for the specification of this raw material with reference to its chemical marker. Thus, this study provides the necessary and adequate information for authentication and standardization of D. elliptica stems.

Potential of tuba plant root (Derris elliptica) as a vegetable pesticide ingredient: A review

“…In Indonesia, this plant is spread almost throughout the archipelago and has many uses, especially used as a fish poisoner. In addition, tuba roots can also be used as a biopesticide [2]. Tuba plants containing the toxic substance rotenone are used by the community as a poison to catch fish.…”

A new lignanamide from the stems of Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth with antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory activities

“…Flavonoids, coumaronochromone derivatives rotenoids, Ncontaining rotenoids, and pyrrolidine derivatives were isolated and exhibited potential anti-cancer, antiinflammation, and antimicrobial activity. [4][5][6][7][8][9] With the aim to clarify the bioactive constituents of D. elliptica, herein, we describe the isolation and structural elucidation of a new lignanamide (1) and ten known compounds (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) from the stems of D. elliptica (figure 1). The isolated compounds were investigated antimicrobial activity on typical Gram (+) bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus), Gram (-) bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica) and yeast Candida albicans.…”

“…Its root has long been used in several Asian countries with insecticidal properties and stunning fish. [ 3 ] A few phytochemical studies have been focused on the roots and leaves of D. elliptica to reveal active components. Flavonoids, coumaronochromone derivatives rotenoids, N‐containing rotenoids, and pyrrolidine derivatives were isolated and exhibited potential anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammation, and antimicrobial activity.…”