Pharmacogenomics: The Promise of Personalized Medicine

Hood, Ernie

doi:10.1289/ehp.111-a580

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Efforts such as integrative genomics, systems biology, toxicogenomics, pharmacogenomics and biomedical informatics are generating volumes of biological data and information spanning transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, toxicology, pharmacology, clinical biology and genetics to leverage each domain data for a more informed assessment of biological outcomes [12,26-30]. Case in point, the work of Baskin et al [31] to collectively analyze microarray, clinical data and pathology observations revealed that gene expression patterns were very much consistent with the clinical outcomes, gross pathology and histopathology from influenza virus-infected pigtailed macaques primates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous clustering of gene expression data with clinical chemistry and pathological evaluations reveals phenotypic prototypes

2007

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Background: Commonly employed clustering methods for analysis of gene expression data do not directly incorporate phenotypic data about the samples. Furthermore, clustering of samples with known phenotypes is typically performed in an informal fashion. The inability of clustering algorithms to incorporate biological data in the grouping process can limit proper interpretation of the data and its underlying biology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous clustering of gene expression data with clinical chemistry and pathological evaluations reveals phenotypic prototypes

2007

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“…'Right drug, right patient, right moment, right space, and right dose' is a key concept of current personalized medicine to maximize the efficacy of treatment while minimizing side effects [1]. Modern advances in personalized medicine aiming to achieve this goal primarily rely on technologies that confirm a patient's disease-related genetic information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel theranostic agents for next-generation personalized medicine: small molecules, nanoparticles, and engineered mammalian cells

Kojima

Aubel

Fussenegger

2015

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology

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“…Therefore, public expectations are now higher than ever that soon, patients will carry cards with microchips encrypted with their personal genetic information that will enable delivery of highly individualized prescriptions. As a result, these patients may expect to receive the right drug at the right dose the first time they consult their physicians such that efficacy is assured without any risk of undesirable effects [1]. In this review, we explore whether personalized medicine is now a clinical reality or just a mirage from presumptuous application of the principles of pharmacogenetics to clinical medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personalized medicine: is it a pharmacogenetic mirage?

Shah

2012

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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The notion of personalized medicine has developed from the application of the discipline of pharmacogenetics to clinical medicine. Although the clinical relevance of genetically-determined inter-individual differences in pharmacokinetics is poorly understood, and the genotype-phenotype association data on clinical outcomes often inconsistent, officially approved drug labels frequently include pharmacogenetic information concerning the safety and/or efficacy of a number of drugs and refer to the availability of the pharmacogenetic test concerned. Regulatory authorities differ in their approach to these issues. Evidence emerging subsequently has generally revealed the pharmacogenetic information included in the label to be premature. Revised drugs labels, together with a flurry of other collateral activities, have raised public expectations of personalized medicine, promoted as 'the right drug at the right dose the first time.' These expectations place the prescribing physician in a dilemma and at risk of litigation, especially when evidence-based information on genotype-related dosing schedules is to all intent and purposes non-existent and guidelines, intended to improve the clinical utility of available pharmacogenetic information or tests, distance themselves from any responsibility. Lack of efficacy or an adverse drug reaction is frequently related to non-genetic factors. Phenoconversion, arising from drug interactions, poses another often neglected challenge to any potential success of personalized medicine by mimicking genetically-determined enzyme deficiency. A more realistic promotion of personalized medicine should acknowledge current limitations and emphasize that pharmacogenetic testing can only improve the likelihood of diminishing a specific toxic effect or increasing the likelihood of a beneficial effect and that application of pharmacogenetics to clinical medicine cannot adequately predict drug response in individual patients.

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Pharmacogenomics: The Promise of Personalized Medicine

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Simultaneous clustering of gene expression data with clinical chemistry and pathological evaluations reveals phenotypic prototypes

Simultaneous clustering of gene expression data with clinical chemistry and pathological evaluations reveals phenotypic prototypes

Novel theranostic agents for next-generation personalized medicine: small molecules, nanoparticles, and engineered mammalian cells

Personalized medicine: is it a pharmacogenetic mirage?

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