Pharmacogenomics of Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral palsy: implications of the apolipoprotein E genotype

Wainwright, Mark S.

doi:10.2217/14796708.2.4.353

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…Despite improvements in obstetric and neonatal care, the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) has been consistent over the past 50 years, remaining at an incidence of 2 to 2.5 per 1000 births. [1][2][3][4] Advancements in medicine have allowed most individuals with CP to live into late adulthood. However, there is limited evidence on potential long-term complications associated with CP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12] The association of infection and inflammation with CP may put adults with CP at a heightened risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) later in life. 2,3,13,14 ADRD is an umbrella term for a progressive cognitive spectrum disorder and is the sixth leading cause of death in the USA. 15 Approximately 5 million adults aged 65 years and older were diagnosed with ADRD in 2014.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Through inflammatory responses following infection at birth or shortly after, CP may lead to large increases in cytokine production, which could put an infant's immature brain at risk of damage. 2,3 Furthermore, injury to cerebral white matter is a common issue in children with CP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CP pathology involves injury to or defects of the central nervous system including the frontal and prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and other sections of the brain that control executive function, working memory, and movement 10–12 . The association of infection and inflammation with CP may put adults with CP at a heightened risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) later in life 2,3,13,14 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of early‐ and late‐onset Alzheimer disease and related dementia in adults with cerebral palsy

Mahmoudi

Lin

Kamdar

et al. 2021

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Aim To examine the risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) among adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Method Using administrative insurance claims data for 2007 to 2017 in the USA, we identified adults (45y or older) with a diagnosis of CP (n=5176). Adults without a diagnosis of CP were included as a typically developing comparison group (n=1 119 131). Using age, sex, ethnicity, other demographic variables, and a set of chronic morbidities, we propensity‐matched individuals with and without CP (n=5038). Cox survival models were used to estimate ADRD risk within a 3‐year follow up. Results The unadjusted incidence of ADRD was 9 and 2.4 times higher among cohorts of adults 45 to 64 years (1.8%) and 65 years and older (4.8%) with CP than the respective unmatched individuals without CP (0.2% and 2.0% among 45–64y and 65y or older respectively). Fully adjusted survival models indicated that adults with CP had a greater hazard for ADRD (among 45–64y: unmatched hazard ratio 7.48 [95% confidence interval {CI} 6.05–9.25], matched hazard ratio 4.73 [95% CI 2.72–8.29]; among 65y or older: unmatched hazard ratio 2.21 [95% CI 1.95–2.51], matched hazard ratio 1.73 [1.39–2.15]). Interpretation Clinical guidelines for early screening of cognitive function among individuals with CP need updating, and preventative and/or therapeutic services should be used to reduce the risk of ADRD.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%