Pharmacogenetic Biomarkers and Personalized Medicine: Upcoming Concept in Pharmacotherapy

Abstract

Pharmacogenomics is the study of an individual's response to drugs as a result of their genetic makeup. Pharmacogenomics has been merged with pharmacology and genomics to produce safe and effective drugs that are customized to the unique genetic profile of each individual. Drug prescribing focused on pharmacogenomics opens up a modern avenue for developing and prescribing safe and efficient drugs to specific patients. Patients that are prescribed medications that are more appropriate to them based on their physiology and lifestyle characteristics are referred to as obtaining personalized medicine. The medicinal use of molecularly targeted agents, which are commonly used for customized therapies, could aid in disease detection in a small number of patients. To assess the advantage of selected patients with genomic changes to a given treatment, clinical trial research designs for different diagnostics and therapeutics must aim for rate-limiting steps. Precision medicine techniques are used to classify specific patients' genetic flaws in the hopes of identifying new disease-prevention treatments. Precision medicine, on the other hand, is more precise in clinical practice, with an emphasis on identifying new therapeutic targets, recent advances in molecular testing trials, and a variety of advanced approaches are available for collecting biological samples in clinical practice to conduct genomic processing. Pharmacogenomics biomarkers use customized drugs to anticipate the incidence of diseases in the future. Individual precision medicine can overcome the limitations of traditional medicine in terms of disease prevention.