Pharmacoeconomics Education in US Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy

Makhinova, Tatiana; Rascati, Karen L.

doi:10.5688/ajpe777145

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On the other hand, pharmacoeconomics education in the US is provided at almost all colleges and pharmacy schools. [30] According to the online retrieved curriculums, most of the included Arab countries located in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Libya) do not require schools to include pharmacoeconomic education at any level (partial/full or mandatory/elective). This may explain the low number of schools offering pharmacy baccalaureate programs and slo perhaps still utilizing the traditional pharmacy curriculum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy Curricula Among Arab Countries: An Evaluation of 191 Academic Institutions

Alghamdi

Albalawi

Alshammari

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundHealth outcomes and policies is a growing areas that is needed in the healthcare culture. This study aimed to examine the availability, extent and type of teaching curricula (pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacovigilance, patient safety) in Arab countries.Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted during the period of November 2019 to January 2020. The collection strategy was performed by listing of pharmacy colleges in each country and then reviewing the institutions’ websites that met the inclusion criteria. Five criteria were utilized to assess the availability of these courses: full-time mandatory , full-time elective, partial mandatory, partial elective, and not offered.Results One hundred ninety-one academic institutions were screened during the study period. Of those, 151 (79.1%) institutions were included in the study and their curricular descriptions were retrieved from their electronic websites. Pharmacoeconomics was the most taught subject among the four subjects. It was offered in 89/151 of the colleges among Arab countries. Among these 89 colleges that offered pharmacoeconomics, 74/89 offered it as a mandatory. While, Pharmacoepidemiology was offered in 51 colleges, with 44/51 offering the subject as a mandatory, and 6 out of those 44 list it as a full-time mandatory , while 38 out of those 44 offer it as a partially mandatory. Only 22 of the colleges offered pharmacovigilance, with 14/22 offering the subject as a mandatory. Finally, there was only one institution that offers the subject of patient safety. Moreover, most of the four courses investigated are only taught in the final two years of study.ConclusionsThe study found a clear shortcoming in the teaching pharmaceutical outcomes. More efforts are needed by academic institutions to review other institutions’ curricula to ensure they meet the work needs and advanced pharmacy practice transformation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy Curricula Among Arab Countries: An Evaluation of 191 Academic Institutions

Alghamdi

Albalawi

Alshammari

2020

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, there is an increasing global demand for experts in the field of pharmaceutical outcomes and policy research (Rascati et al, 2004). These trends are driven by several studies which have unequivocally demonstrated the importance of including pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology and outcomes research in formulary decision-making, disease management, therapeutic drug monitoring, and the assessment of safety and efficacy of different medications (Reddy et al, 2008, Makhinova and Rascati, 2013, Nwokeji et al, 2007). Pharmacoeconomics also gains importance due to a continuously increasing pressure on the healthcare budgets in most countries (van Oostenbruggen et al, 2005), an issue potentiated in impoverished regions of the world (Desai et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the value of a Doctor of Philosophy program in Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Research in Saudi Arabia

AlRuthia

Al-Washali

Aljuhani

et al. 2020

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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BackgroundThe need for graduate education in Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Research (POPR) is becoming increasingly apparent worldwide. However, the number of professionals in this field is inadequate in the Middle East. Therefore, this study aimed at gaining insight into the perceived value of a potential Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) program in POPR among different stakeholders in Saudi Arabia.MethodsFollowing the development of a Ph.D. program structure in POPR, a questionnaire was created to explore the perception of its value among decision-makers in different healthcare and governmental institutions. An email with detailed information on the proposed program was sent to 131 identified individuals along with an online link to the questionnaire.ResultsResponses were provided by 107 (81.67%) individuals. The majority of respondents (53.3%) represented large organizations with more than 500 workers; hospitals and academia were the most represented types of institutions. More than 85% of the participants strongly agreed that the program will meet the needs of the healthcare market in Saudi Arabia and that there will be a demand for graduates of the program over the next 5–10 years. However, only 28.04% of the participants declared that they would definitely recommend the program to their colleagues and employees, and 49.53% would consider employing its graduates.ConclusionsThe obtained results indicate a significant interest among different stakeholders in introducing a Ph.D. program in POPR in Saudi Arabia.

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“…The survey also found a variation in the number of teaching hours and topics covered in the PharmD curriculum. 8 In 2008 survey, among the 90 institutions of pharmacy that completed the survey, 7 had no teachers for pharmacoeconomics. 9 Their earliest survey performed in 1997 showed that sixty-three (80 percent) schools offered pharmacoeconomics education at the BS and/ or PharmD level.…”

Section: Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of Pharmacoeconomics course in the Undergraduate Pharmacy Education: A Global Trend Review

Thomas¹,

Sundararaj²,

Shirwaikar³

et al. 2016

IJOPP

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Objective: Although pharmacoeconomics was recognized as a sub-discipline of health economics for over 25 years, its diffusion into pharmacy education has been gradual. The purpose of this review was to describe the global trend of inclusion of pharmacoeconomics course in the undergraduate pharmacy education. Methods: Published literatures were searched and information on the inclusion of pharmacoeconomics course in the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum was collected and collated. Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Google databases were used for the search in October and December 2015. Both compulsory and elective pharmaco economic courses in the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum (BS, B. Pharm, Pharm.D) were considered. We have organized and summarized the information by countries and time period. Trends: Out of 13 surveys reviewed, 4 surveys from the US have provided the key baseline for documenting trends in inclusion of pharmacoeconomics course in the pharmacy curriculum. As per a 2011 survey, pharmacoeconomics course was included in almost all colleges/schools of pharmacy in the US. Other than surveys from the US, 6 were conducted or published in the last 3 years. Many of the surveys identified that the contents in pharmaco economic course vary to different extent. Information from many countries was not available, especially in Africa and Asia. Conclusion: The pharmacoeconomics course was very much part of the undergraduate pharmacy programs in the US. Even though the diffusion of pharmacoeconomics course to the rest of the world was slow; it has picked up the pace in this decade. Standardization of pharmacoeconomics education shall be necessary. Further surveys from countries other than the US are required to comprehend the implications of the trend.

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Pharmacoeconomics Education in US Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy Curricula Among Arab Countries: An Evaluation of 191 Academic Institutions

Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy Curricula Among Arab Countries: An Evaluation of 191 Academic Institutions

Exploring the value of a Doctor of Philosophy program in Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Research in Saudi Arabia

Inclusion of Pharmacoeconomics course in the Undergraduate Pharmacy Education: A Global Trend Review

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