Pharmacoeconomics Education in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Web-Based Research Project

Farid, Samar; Baines, Darrin

doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2021.05.006

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A study conducted by Farid and Baines on the status of pharmacoeconomics education in Middle Eastern countries showed that there are 80 schools of pharmacy in the Middle East, which accounts for only 45% of the total number of high schools in the region. Of these 85 schools, 65 offer pharmacoeconomics education at the postgraduate level, 8 at the graduate level and 7 at both levels [10]. The highest number of pharmacy schools are present in Egypt, i.e., 24 and only 7 of them offer courses [55].…”

Section: Discussion Of Pharmacoeconomic Studies With Middle Eastern C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, many pharmacy schools in Middle Eastern countries lack education programs. A study conducted on the status of education in the Middle East and North Africa region stated that out of the 176 schools of pharmacy in this region, only 80 schools offer this programs, which accounts for less than 50% of pharmacy schools [10]. This shows the extent of the lack of awareness of the importance of the economic evaluation of pharmaceutical products, which has led to a worse situation of this discipline, especially in low-and middle-income countries.…”

Section: Lack Of Belief In the Importance Of Pharmacoeconomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Awareness campaigns for young students and researchers to disseminate information about the importance of pharmacoeconomics [10] Inability to make conscious decisions Education of decision makers and experts on new approaches arising in the field and encouragement of group discussions with researchers [19] Lack of pharmacoeconomic evaluation experts Encouragement of young researchers to participate in pharmacoeconomic studies, allocation of funds for experts [34] Lack of efficient formulary management Establishment of appropriate guidelines for formularies that frequently investigate the quality of hospital formularies by national governing bodies [35] Lack of patient participation in the decision-making process Encouragement of patients to participate in decision making through interviews and opinion sharing [2] Lack of public awareness regarding the importance of pharmacoeconomics Workshops, training programs and seminars to spread knowledge of pharmacoeconomics among decision makers, students and researchers [38] To overcome this barrier, there is a need to conduct workshops, seminars, national and international guidelines, and awareness programs to educate the general public, students, researchers and decision makers. The government can take action in this regard by disseminating knowledge and pharmacoeconomic guidelines in educational institutions, group discussions and research panels.…”

Section: Lack Of Belief In the Importance Of Pharmacoeconomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fleeting economies of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Israel and Bahrain have excellent healthcare systems with state-of-the-art private and public health facilities, while other Middle Eastern countries such as war-stricken Lebanon, Palestine, Iraq, Iran, Yemen and Syria have very unstable health systems due to the political turmoil in the country and the lack of health funding by erratic governments. This implies that the implementation of pharmacoeconomics in the Middle East region varies in each country with respect to the degree of stability of the healthcare system in that country [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers and Facilitators of Pharmacoeconomic Studies: A Review of Evidence from the Middle Eastern Countries

Alzarea

Khan

Alanazi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The world is facing a continuous increase in medical costs. Due to the surge in disease prevalence, medical science is becoming more sensitive to the economic impact of medications and drug therapies. This brings about the importance of pharmacoeconomics, which is concerned with the effective use of health resources to optimize the efficiency and costs of medications of treatment for the best outcomes. This review was conducted to find out the potential barriers and facilitators to implementing pharmacoeconomic studies in the Middle Eastern region having both high- and low-income countries. The varying economies in the region depict diverse healthcare systems where implementation of pharmacoeconomics faces a large number of challenges and is also aided by numerous facilitators that contribute to the growth of its implementation. In this context, we have reviewed the status of pharmacoeconomics in Middle Eastern countries in research databases (Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Science Direct and Scopus) using keywords (“pharmacoeconomics”, “barriers”, “facilitators”, “Middle East”). The study reported that Yemen, Syria, Palestine, Iran, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon are the lowest-income countries in the Middle East and the implementation of pharmacoeconomics is the poorest in these states. The UAE, Saudi Arabia and Israel are high-income rich states where economic aspects were comparatively better but still a large number of barriers hinder the way to its effective implementation. These include the absence of national governing bodies, the lack of data on the effectiveness of medications, the absence of sufficient pharmacoeconomic experts and the lack of awareness of the importance of pharmacoeconomics. The main facilitators were the availability of pharmacoeconomic guidelines, the encouragement of pharmacoeconomic experts and the promotion of group discussions and collaborations between researchers and policymakers. Cost-benefit analysis is still evolving in Middle Eastern countries, and there is a great need for improvement so that states can effectively benefit from cost analysis tools and utilize their health resources. In this regard, governments should develop national governing bodies to evaluate, implement pharmacoeconomics at the local and state levels and bring about innovation in the field through further research and development incorporating all sectors of pharmacy and pharmaceutics. The data presented in this research can further be extended in future studies to cover the various domains of pharmacoeconomics including cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis and their applications within the healthcare sectors of Middle Eastern countries.

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Section: Discussion Of Pharmacoeconomic Studies With Middle Eastern C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lack Of Belief In the Importance Of Pharmacoeconomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lack Of Belief In the Importance Of Pharmacoeconomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Barriers and Facilitators of Pharmacoeconomic Studies: A Review of Evidence from the Middle Eastern Countries

Alzarea

Khan

Alanazi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Medical schools worldwide are increasingly incorporating health economics education, emphasizing economic evaluations to measure and compare the costs and benefits of healthcare interventions [16]. Additionally, there is a rising application of pharmaco-economics, which involves studying the impact of drug therapy costs on society and healthcare systems and comparing them with the value of economic healthcare outcomes [17]. Health economic evaluations enhance the healthcare decision-making process by supplying evidence to either challenge or support current allocations, enabling the reallocation of resources to interventions that yield the highest health benefits [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Knowledge of Health Economics among Healthcare Professionals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Algharibi,

Fadel,

Al-Hanawi

2024

Healthcare

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Addressing the ongoing challenge of rising healthcare spending is crucial for ensuring the health quality of a population. At the core of healthcare systems, health professionals play a vital role in patient care and resource utilization. Despite healthcare cost concerns, health professionals often lack an understanding of health economics for optimal decision making. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of health economics among healthcare professionals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The broader goal was to identify knowledge gaps crucial for developing targeted interventions to maintain quality healthcare within the context of resource constraints. We used cross-sectional data collected from January to June 2023 and employed univariate, bivariate, and multivariable techniques for analysis. Univariate analyses were used to compare respondent proportions in socio-economic and demographic categories, bivariate analysis was used to examine the frequencies of independent variables related to the dependent variable, and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with knowledge of health economics among healthcare professionals. A total of 1056 responses were included for analysis. Approximately 35.35% of the sample possessed optimal knowledge of healthcare economics. Additionally, 58.14% of respondents considered health economics knowledge essential in their job practice, 16.95% regularly read articles on health economics, 22.06% engage in economic decision making at work, and 20.17% apply health economics techniques in their decision making. Health economics knowledge varied according to profession status, work experience, perceptions about health economics, and involvement in management tasks and decision-making processes. Generally, knowledge of health economics tended to increase with experience, positive perceptions, and engagement in administrative or management tasks. Nevertheless, knowledge of health economics is largely limited among health professionals in Saudi Arabia. Policymakers should address disparities in knowledge and perceptions of health economics through ongoing training courses and workshops. These interventions will ensure the presence of highly skilled professionals capable of implementing effective healthcare decisions and managing the increasing costs of healthcare.

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The State of Pharmacoeconomics Education in the Doctor of Pharmacy Curriculum amid the Changing Face of Pharmacy Practice

Adunlin,

Skiera,

Cupp

et al. 2023

Healthcare

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(1) Background: Continuous growth in pharmaceutical expenditure indicates the need for more advanced pharmacoeconomics evaluations to optimize healthcare outcomes and resource allocation. This study assesses the extent to which accredited pharmacy colleges in the United States cover pharmacoeconomics content within the didactic curriculum of their Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the websites of accredited professional-degree programs in pharmacy schools located in the United States to identify pertinent content related to pharmacoeconomics. (3) Results: Out of 141 pharmacy programs, a total of 111 programs of varying sizes were found to have publicly accessible information regarding the content of their pharmacoeconomic curricula on their websites. All these programs required the inclusion of pharmacoeconomics content in their curricula. An examination of course syllabi revealed that the goals and descriptions were broad, aiming to provide students with an introductory understanding of the principles of pharmacoeconomics. The number of credit hours allocated to pharmacoeconomics education ranged from one to seven across the programs. The approach to delivering pharmacoeconomics content varied among the programs. (4) Conclusions: Advanced knowledge of the principles of pharmacoeconomics must be an integral component of all PharmD curricula to prepare pharmacists to assess the rational use of pharmacy products and services, improve clinical outcomes, and mitigate healthcare expenditures.

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Pharmacoeconomics Education in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Web-Based Research Project

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Barriers and Facilitators of Pharmacoeconomic Studies: A Review of Evidence from the Middle Eastern Countries

Barriers and Facilitators of Pharmacoeconomic Studies: A Review of Evidence from the Middle Eastern Countries

Assessment of Knowledge of Health Economics among Healthcare Professionals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

The State of Pharmacoeconomics Education in the Doctor of Pharmacy Curriculum amid the Changing Face of Pharmacy Practice

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