Summary:The therapeutic options for patients with acute leukemia who relapse after the initial transplant include second bone marrow transplantation (2BMT) and conventional chemotherapy (CC). In this work, we conducted an analysis of published survival data and we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of 2BMT in comparison with CC. We retrieved survival information on 167 patients treated with 2BMT and 299 patients treated with CC. Survival figures were derived from individual patient data and were compared between 2BMT and CC. The mean lifetime survival (MLS) was estimated for each of the two patient cohorts using standard techniques of survival-curve extrapolation. The cost data of patients given 2BMT or CC were estimated from published data. Our analysis of individual survival data showed that 2BMT improved survival at levels of statistical significance (survival gain = 19.6 months per patient). Using an incremental cost of $90 000 per patient, the costeffectiveness ratio of 2BMT in comparison with CC was calculated as $52 215 discounted dollars per discounted life year gained. Our results indicate that, in patients with acute leukemia who relapse after their first transplant, 2BMT significantly prolongs survival in comparison with CC and seems to have an acceptable cost-effectiveness profile. Keywords: acute leukemia; second bone marrow transplantation; cost-effectiveness analysisIn patients with acute leukemia who have received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant, relapse implies a grim prognosis. To improve survival in these patients, a second allogeneic bone marrow transplant (2BMT) has been proposed as a more effective salvage intervention than conventional chemotherapy. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Six open uncontrolled studies [1][2][3][4][5][6] have thus far assessed the impact of 2BMT on survival, whereas at least two large-scale uncontrolled studies reported survival information for patients treated with a first allogeneic transplant and with conventional chemotherapy after relapse. In our work, seven of these studies [1][2][3][4][5]7,8 were utilized to conduct a retrospective survival analysis and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio of 2BMT in comparison with conventional chemotherapy.
Methods
Study designOur study was aimed at evaluating survival and cost of the two following therapeutic options for patients with acute leukemia who relapse after the first allogeneic transplant: (1) 2BMT; (2) standard salvage chemotherapy.Our analysis consisted of three sequential phases: (1) literature search (from January 1985 to June 1998) of the clinical trials that evaluated survival for these two therapeutic options; (2) survival analysis with meta-analytic pooling of the results from the trials and with statistical testing; (3) cost-effectiveness analysis.Our survival meta-analysis was conducted through the following procedure (Model 1): firstly, the individual survival data were retrieved from the patient cohorts enrolled in the various studies; then, the survival difference between 2BMT vs conventional chemot...