Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of miloxicam in the horse

Lees, P.; Sedgwick, A. D.; Higgins, A.J.; Pugh, Kira; Busch, Ulrich

doi:10.1016/0007-1935(91)90099-9

Cited by 54 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Compared to ponies treated with the same dose, greater differences were observed as regards t 1/2 elim (2.70 hr) and clearance (41.87 ml kg −1 hr −1 ) (Lees et al., ). These differences are probably related to the breed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in horses after surgery for colic syndrome

Salvo

Giorgi

Nannarone

et al. 2017

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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NSAIDs are often used in horses with colic syndrome during the postoperative period, due to their ability to contrast endotoxemia and to promote an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. As the pharmacokinetics of a drug are often modified in unhealthy animals compared to healthy subjects, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of meloxicam after i.v. administration in horses undergoing laparotomy for colic syndrome. Eight horses received 0.6 mg/kg of meloxicam i.v. towards the end of surgery. Blood samples were taken at scheduled time points during the following 24 hr. The serum concentration of the drug was determined by HPLC. Terminal half-life (6.88 ± 2.96 hr), volume of distribution at steady-state (186.53 ± 61.20 ml/Kg) and clearance (27.91 ± 5.72 ml kg hr ) were similar to those reported in literature for healthy horses. This result suggests that no adjustment of the approved dose should be necessary when meloxicam is used to treat horses in the immediate postoperative period after surgery for colic syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in horses after surgery for colic syndrome

Salvo

Giorgi

Nannarone

et al. 2017

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…However, in cats, both in vitro and ex vivo studies have shown a ratio of only 2.7 in regards to selectivity of COX-2 inhibition over COX-1 [43]. Early meloxicam research in horses also suggests that even though present, suppression of COX-1 is reversible, and COX-2 inhibition is prolonged at sites of inflammation [44]. Therefore, meloxicam may offer some selective benefit in llamas of COX-2 inhibition over the non-selective NSAIDS, but further studies are warranted to determine to what extent it can be considered COX-2 selective in this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam in llamas

et al. 2012

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BackgroundSouth American camelids in the United States have rapidly developed into an important agricultural industry in need of veterinary services. Pain management is challenging in camelids because there are no drugs currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in these species. Dosage regimens used for many therapeutic drugs have been extrapolated from other ruminants; however, the pharmacokinetics, in camelids, may differ from those of other species. Studies investigating the pharmacokinetics of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in camelids are deficient in the published literature. Six adult llamas (121- 168 kg) were administered either a 1 mg/kg dose of oral or a 0.5 mg/kg dose of IV meloxicam in a randomized cross-over design with an 11 day washout period between treatments. Plasma samples collected up to 96 hours post-administration were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS) followed by non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis.ResultsA mean peak plasma concentration (CMAX) of 1.314 μg/mL (Range: 0.826 – 1.776 μg/mL) was recorded at 21.4 hours (Range: 12.0 – 24.0 hours) with a half-life (T ½ λz) of 22.7 hours (Range: 18.0 – 30.8 hours) after oral meloxicam administration. In comparison, a half-life (T ½ λz) of 17.4 hours (Range: 16.2 – 20.7 hours) was demonstrated with IV meloxicam administration. The oral bioavailability (F) of meloxicam (dose normalized) was 76% (Range: 48 – 92%). No adverse effects associated with either treatment modality were observed in the llamas.ConclusionsThe mean bioavailability (F) of oral meloxicam was 76% indicating a high degree of gastrointestinal absorption. Plasma meloxicam concentrations >0.2 μg/mL were maintained for up to 72 h after oral administration; >0.2 μg/mL is considered to be the concentration of meloxicam required for analgesic effects in other species such as the horse. These data suggest that a single dosage of oral meloxicam at 1 mg/kg could potentially maintain therapeutic concentrations in plasma for up to 3 days in adult llamas.

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“…[36][37][38][39][40] In contrast, the inability of KTP treatments to attenuate the skin temperature increase over exudate tissue cages was more surprising. Moreover, studies in our laboratory using tissue cage and sponge models of inflammation reveal that several NSAID administered at clinical dosage in a number of species fail to affect WBC count in exudate.…”

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confidence: 99%