Pharmacodynamic evaluation of tosufloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro model simulating serum concentration

In vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of garenoxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

“…In a previous report [7], we have already shown that deficient dosing of FQs leads to emergence of high resistance in S. pneumoniae possessing a mutation in parC. In the present study, we demonstrated that garenoxacin was potent in preventing the selection of a resistant mutant in the standard clinical regimens in a parC mutant strain.…”

“…The antibacterial effect was assessed by calculating the log change in viable cell counts during 24 h. Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity was expressed by the area above the killing curve over 24 h (AAKC) calculated with PASS-402 [7,10]. The time to achieve 99.9% killing (T 99.9 ) from the initial inoculum was determined by linear regression.…”

“…Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by a modified agar dilution method as described previously [7]. Antibiotic MICs were determined by serial 1.2-fold dilution.…”