Pharmacists as women’s health providers: Increasing access to contraception and preconception care

Mospan, Cortney M.

doi:10.1016/j.japh.2019.07.018

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This practice confirms to pharmacy graduates and undergraduates alike the absence of a role for them in maternal and child health care [ 49 ]. This is contrary to global trends in developed countries where pharmacists are extending their roles in primary health care and practicing at the top of their licenced capabilities [ 13 – 15 ]. Social accountability and needs based education proponents recommend that undergraduate education must meet the needs of the population to be served [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Some of the services rendered which are also in line with the South African Pharmacy Council’s Good Pharmacy Practice [ 12 ] recommendations include reproductive health care (provision of and education on various contraceptive options including emergency postcoital contraception). Pre-pregnancy care (folic acid) for women and adolescents [ 13 ], advising on the implications of pre-existing health conditions on pregnancy [ 14 , 15 ], pregnancy tests, ensuring medication safety and managing simple pregnancy related conditions [ 13 , 16 ] nutritional advice in pregnancy, and malaria prevention [ 17 ] are some of the other services. Baby and child health care (encouraging exclusive breastfeeding, immunization and adequate nutrition for infants and children) [ 18 ], and identifying women at risk of post-partum depression [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating pharmacy students’ knowledge and skills in reproductive, maternal, new-born and child health care at a South African university

et al. 2021

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Background Maternal and child mortality is a global concern and one of South Africa’s quadruple burdens of disease. As easily accessible frontline healthcare workers, pharmacists play an important role in the continuum of maternal and child health (MCH) care according to recommendations by international health regulatory bodies. Pharmacy schools are obliged to train pharmacy students to meet the priority health needs of the population so that graduates are ‘fit for purpose’. The baseline study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and skills of 2017 final year pharmacy students who were exposed to a fragmented MCH care curriculum at a university in South Africa to inform curriculum review. Methods A descriptive, quantitative, non-randomized study was conducted among final year pharmacy students using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in sections to assess participants’ knowledge of reproductive and sexual health (RSH), maternal and antenatal care (MAC), neonatal and child care (NCC) and skills related to infant growth assessment procedures. Data was analysed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. A score of 50% in each section of the questionnaire indicated a pass. Participants assessed their exposure to MCH topics in the curriculum. Results Of the 89 available students, 61% consented to participate in the study. The average scores attained for each section were; 62.4% for RSH, 54.5% for MAC, 50.4% for NCC and 25.3% for infant growth assessment. The pass rate was 78% for RSH, 56% for MAC, 57% for NCC, and 19% for infant growth assessment. About 13% of the participants passed all the knowledge and the skills sections. Age, gender, being a parent or doing locums did not have any influence on participants’ performance. Participants reported that they had more on-campus curriculum content exposure to RSH compared to other MCH care topics. Conclusion Final year pharmacy students showed adequate knowledge of RSH with adequate curriculum exposure. Average knowledge of MAC, NCC and poor skills in infant growth assessment which corresponded to curriculum exposure was observed. The results suggest the need for improvement in the current curriculum in the affected areas to adequately equip students to render desirable services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating pharmacy students’ knowledge and skills in reproductive, maternal, new-born and child health care at a South African university

et al. 2021

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“…Although this pharmacy patient care service is beneficial, uptake by states, legislators, pharmacies, pharmacists, and patients has been slow. Based on surveys, focus groups, and pharmacist interviews, participants have described many perceived barriers 5,7‐9 . Past studies used interviews and surveys to capture barriers, however, no study has used an implementation science framework (defined as a process to “identify influences on health professional behaviour related to implementation of evidence‐based recommendations”) 10 to fully explore motivators and challenges to developing and providing pharmacist‐prescribed contraception nor determined differences between early and late adopters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation science to analyze motivators and barriers to pharmacist‐prescribed contraception in Michigan community pharmacies

Rashid

O’Connell

Yang

2022

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Introduction: A public health initiative in the United States is to lower the country's 45% unintended pregnancy rate. Although pharmacist-prescribed contraception is beneficial, implementation is low. Enhancing motivators and overcoming barriers could increase implementation.Objectives: To quantify the motivating factors and barriers to pharmacist-prescribed contraception and compare them by interest in implementing contraception prescribing.Methods: The Theoretical Domains Framework was used to create an investigatordeveloped 41-item survey. Surveys were mailed to all Michigan independent pharmacies and chain pharmacies granting permission. Descriptive and nonparametric analyses were conducted.Results: Survey response rate was 11% (N = 147). Pharmacies were independent (39.5%), small independent group (2-4 stores, 21.8%), large independent group (≥5 stores, 8.8%), national chain (15%), and two grocery store chains (15%). Top motivators to implement this service were to increase scope of practice, patient access to contraception, and pharmacy revenue. Top pharmacist, financial, resource, and safety barriers were contraception knowledge gaps, lack of financial reimbursement, lack of physicians to create a collaborative practice agreement, and increased liability, respectively. Pharmacies wanting to implement this service (n = 85) were early change adopters (P < .001), wanted to implement more direct patient care (P < .001), could create collaborative practice agreements (P < .001), had needed resources (P < .001), and were motivated by competition (P < .001) than pharmacies not wanting to implement this service (n = 61). They also felt their patients would value (P < .001) and use (P < .001) pharmacist-prescribed contraception. Geographical location, city size, pharmacy type, and prescription volume did not significantly differ between pharmacies wanting to implement or not this service. Conclusion:Pharmacies wanting to implement pharmacist-prescribed contraception service had more positive attitudes, and better knowledge, skills, and resources than those not wanting to implement the service. Many implementation barriers existed requiring solutions and advocacy efforts by community pharmacy staff, organizations, and colleges to increase implementation of this service in community pharmacies.

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“…In Ohio, the implementation of this law was associated with a significant increase (2328%) in naloxone dispensing rates [18]. Similarly, within the current pharmacist scope of practice, there are increasing opportunities for pharmacists to improve preconception care [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. These roles include providing education, counseling, and/or services to address family planning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient Screenings for Preconception Health Interventions at a Community Pharmacy

et al. 2020

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Preconception health refers to health before pregnancy and involves addressing risk factors that can negatively impact either a patient or future pregnancy. Pharmacists can play an essential role in screening for and managing patients’ risk factors to optimize pregnancy outcomes. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether preconception health screenings in community pharmacy settings identify opportunities for preconception health services, particularly pharmacy-based interventions. The secondary objectives are to describe the preconception health status of community pharmacy patients and their interest in receiving preconception care services by a clinical pharmacist in a community pharmacy setting. Two independent pharmacies conducted a pilot project where people were invited to complete a health screening form that evaluated their preconception health. Participants received a personalized health report with an invitation to meet with the clinical pharmacist for services related to identified opportunities, such as contraception and immunizations. Retrospective analysis was conducted for data collected from 43 women during the patient screening effort in three community pharmacy settings (two independent community pharmacy locations and one neighborhood pharmacy outreach event). Nearly all participants (n = 42, 98%) had at least one opportunity identified to receive preconception care services, with the majority related to their alcohol use (60%). A majority of participants (56%) indicated an interest in learning more about preconception services offered at the pharmacy, but only 19% wanted to schedule an appointment with a pharmacist. Thus, there is an apparent need and opportunity for utilization of preconception health services at the pharmacy.

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Pharmacists as women’s health providers: Increasing access to contraception and preconception care

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluating pharmacy students’ knowledge and skills in reproductive, maternal, new-born and child health care at a South African university

Evaluating pharmacy students’ knowledge and skills in reproductive, maternal, new-born and child health care at a South African university

Implementation science to analyze motivators and barriers to pharmacist‐prescribed contraception in Michigan community pharmacies

Patient Screenings for Preconception Health Interventions at a Community Pharmacy

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