Pharmacist Vaccination Programs For Common Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review Of The Literature On This Emerging Model Of Care

Abstract

objeCtives: Drugs retail outlets constitute a major source of malaria treatment in developing countries requiring regular and accurate information for enhancing strategies for improving the use of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT). The study analyzed the demand and sales pattern of antimalarial drugs in private retail outlets to assess the current state of compliance to policy. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey of randomly selected drugs retail outlets in Enugu urban, south east Nigeria, was conducted between May and August, 2013, to determine the types, range, prices and sales pattern of antimalarial drugs as well as concomitant medications, from pharmacies and patent medicine outlets. Data was collected and analysed for antimalarial drugs demanded for and sold by selfmedication, treatment by retail outlets and prescription from hospitals. Results: With a total of 1,321 dispensed antimalarial drugs, ACTs accounted for 72.7% while monotherapy was 27.3%. AMFm drugs contributed 32.7% (n = 314) of ACTs. 46.5% (614) of the drugs were dispensed from self-treatment by patients. Treatment by the retail outlets accounted for 35.8% (n = 473) while 17.7% of the drugs were dispensed from hospital prescriptions.

Knowledge, Activation, and Costs of the Pharmacists’ Pneumonia Prevention Program (PPPP): A Novel Senior Center Model to Promote Vaccination

“…These items were selected following a review of the literature that did not uncover a validated instrument to assess knowledge of PD but did reveal specific knowledge-related barriers to PV. 8-15…”

“…These items were selected following a review of the literature that did not uncover a validated instrument to assess knowledge of PD but did reveal specific knowledge-related barriers to PV. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Participant activation was measured as the proportion of participants taking or planning to take any one of the following actions after the program: (1) receiving PV either on the vaccination day or from another health care provider, (2) speaking with a doctor, (3) speaking with a pharmacist, or (4) discussing what they learned during the program with family/friends.…”

“…For example, multiple studies evaluating PV in older adults and minority populations have consistently found that participants who did not receive PV were unaware of their risk for PD, felt that they were not susceptible to the disease, and were unaware of their eligibility to receive the vaccine or felt that the vaccine would not reliably prevent illness. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In contrast, those who were vaccinated in these analyses understood their susceptibility, were aware of their eligibility for PV, and felt that PV was the best way to prevent disease. In addition, specific knowledge of PD, including the ability to accurately describe one or more symptoms of pneumonia, has also been significantly associated with receiving PV.…”