Pharmacist and student pharmacist views of professional and personal well-being and resilience

Schommer, Jon C.; Gaither, Caroline A.; Goode, Jean Venable ‘Kelly’ R.; Owen, James; Scime, Gina M.; Skelton, Jann B.; Cernasev, Alina; Hillman, Lisa

doi:10.1016/j.japh.2019.09.006

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As such changes are made within the pharmacy profession, it must be noted that the U.S. Health Care System is filled with perverse incentives, financial pressures, documentation burdens, the pressure to meet production metrics, and a constant specter of litigation that are creating intensely competing drivers that are emotionally and morally exhausting for pharmacists and pharmacy support personnel as they try to deliver the care that their patients need [46,47]. Thus, there is also a need for a focus on training and system change related to work conditions for personnel, patient safety, payment models, organizational designs, wellbeing, and communications within the overall systems of health care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacist Segments Identified from 2009, 2014, and 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys: Implications for Pharmacy Organizations and Personnel

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Objective: Findings from the 2009 and 2014 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys showed that approximately 40% of U.S. pharmacists devoted their time primarily to medication providing, 40% contributed a significant portion of their time to patient care service provision, and the remaining 20% contributed most of their time to other health-system improvement activities. The objective of this study was to characterize the U.S. pharmacist workforce into segments based on the proportion of time they spend in medication providing and patient care services and compare changes in these segments between 2009, 2014, and 2019. Methods: Data from 2009, 2014, and 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys were analyzed. Responses from 1200 pharmacists in 2009, 1382 in 2014, and 4766 in 2019 were used for analysis. Respondents working in the pharmacy or pharmacy-related fields reported both their percent time devoted to medication providing and to patient care services. Medication providing included preparing, distributing, and administering medication products, including associated professional services. Patient care services were professional services designed for assessing and evaluating medication-related needs, monitoring and adjusting patient’s treatments, and other services designed for patient care. For each year of data, pharmacist segments were identified using a two-step cluster analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for describing the characteristics of the segments. Results: For each year, five segments of pharmacists were identified. The proportions of pharmacists in each segment for the three surveys (2009, 2014, 2019) were: (1) medication providers (41%, 40%, 34%), (2) medication providers who also provide patient care (25%, 22%, 25%), (3) other activity pharmacists (16%, 18%, 14%), (4) patient care providers who also provide medication (12%, 13%, 15%), and (5) patient care providers (6%, 7%, 12%). In 2019, other activity pharmacists worked over 45 hours per week, on average, with 12 of these hours worked remotely. Patient care providers worked 41 hours per week, on average, with six of these hours worked remotely. Medication providers worked less than 40 hours per week, on average, with just one of these hours worked remotely. Regarding the number of patients with whom a respondent interacted on a typical day, medication providers reported 18 per day, patient care providers reported 11 per day, and other activity pharmacists reported 6 per day. In 2009, 8% of patient care providers worked in a setting that was not licensed as a pharmacy. In 2019, this grew to 17%. Implications/Conclusions: The 2019 findings showed that 34% of U.S. pharmacists devoted their time primarily to medication providing (compared to 40% in 2009 and 2014), 52% contributed a significant portion of their time to patient care service provision (compared to 40% in 2009 and 2014), and the remaining 14% contributed most of their time to other health-system improvement activities. Distinguishing characteristics of the segments suggested that recent growth in the pharmacist workforce has been in the patient care services, with more being provided through remote means in organizations that are not licensed as pharmacies. The findings have implications for pharmacist training, continuing education, labor monitoring, regulations, work systems, and process designs. These changes will create new roles and tasks for pharmacy organizations and personnel that will be needed to support emerging patient care services provided by pharmacists.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacist Segments Identified from 2009, 2014, and 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys: Implications for Pharmacy Organizations and Personnel

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Students also allocate time and effort to extracurricular activities, parttime jobs, social lives, and many have family and caregiving responsibilities (Awe et al, 2016;Opoku-Acheampong et al, 2017). While stress certainly arises as a response to balancing these external stimuli, stress also can originate from an individual's expectations (Schommer et al, 2019). Striving for perfection and fear of failure have been shown to increase stress among pharmacy students and pharmacists (Schommer et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While stress certainly arises as a response to balancing these external stimuli, stress also can originate from an individual's expectations (Schommer et al, 2019). Striving for perfection and fear of failure have been shown to increase stress among pharmacy students and pharmacists (Schommer et al, 2019). While the jobs obtained following pharmacy licensure are generally well-compensated, many students graduate with high levels of student loan debt, which may contribute to experienced stress (Chisholm-Burns et al, 2017;Schommer et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high degree of stress experienced by students combined with feelings of time and resource scarcity (Huijsmans et al, 2019) may result in difficulty developing effective coping mechanisms, finding fulfilment in an individual's personal and professional life, and building resilience (Schommer et al, 2019). Resilience consists of personal characteristics, workplace characteristics, and social networks (Matheson et al, 2016), and can be defined as the dynamic process of dealing with an adversity or personal setback (Luthans, Vogelgesang, & Lester, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resilience consists of personal characteristics, workplace characteristics, and social networks (Matheson et al, 2016), and can be defined as the dynamic process of dealing with an adversity or personal setback (Luthans, Vogelgesang, & Lester, 2006). One novel way students and pharmacists reported maintaining satisfaction, fulfilment, and professional resilience was through mindfulness (Schommer et al, 2019). Given the reported use of mindfulness to manage stress and increase resilience, mindfulness oriented meditation (MOM) may be a potentially useful coping mechanism worthy of exploration by pharmacy students (Lamothe et al, 2016;McConville, McAleer, & Hahne, 2017;Morrison et al, 2017;O'Driscoll et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

‘Wasting time inside my mind’: Exploring student pharmacists’ perspectives on engaging in mindfulness oriented meditation using concepts from education research

Murry

Witry

2020

Pharm Educ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Pharmacy students are subject to high levels of stress. An emerging way student pharmacists and pharmacists have reported managing stress and developing professional resilience is through mindfulness. Objectives: To 1) describe how student pharmacists appraise the threat of stress; and 2) identify student perceptions of mindfulness-oriented meditation (MOM) as a stress management strategy and how MOM may fit in the pharmacy curriculum. Methods: A descriptive qualitative research study was conducted using focus groups comprised of first-year, second-year, and third- year pharmacy students at a college of pharmacy within the United States. A facilitation guide based on the study objectives was designed to guide focus group discussion and a basic interpretivist paradigm was used to underpin a phenomenological approach to interpreting the data. Representative quotes were identified by the authors to illustrate the main concepts from the focus groups. Results: In total, fourteen students participated across the three class-year focus groups. Students expressed a general interest in mindfulness, but their interest conflicted with feelings of business and time-constraints. Offering a certificate or other tangible reward made engaging in mindfulness and MOM more appealing. Conclusions: The concepts of the student’s academic perspective and learning motivation appear to influence mindfulness interest and reasons for participation. Colleges may need to change their criteria for judgment for wellness initiatives like MOM to be more widely adopted.

show abstract

Longitudinal assessment of pharmacy student well-being using the well-being index and 5 gears assessment

Brittain

Shirley

DeClue

et al. 2023

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pharmacist and student pharmacist views of professional and personal well-being and resilience

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Pharmacist Segments Identified from 2009, 2014, and 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys: Implications for Pharmacy Organizations and Personnel

Pharmacist Segments Identified from 2009, 2014, and 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys: Implications for Pharmacy Organizations and Personnel

‘Wasting time inside my mind’: Exploring student pharmacists’ perspectives on engaging in mindfulness oriented meditation using concepts from education research

Longitudinal assessment of pharmacy student well-being using the well-being index and 5 gears assessment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About