Pharmaceuticals and consumer products in four wastewater treatment plants in urban and suburb areas of Shanghai

Sui, Qian; Wang, Dan; Zhao, Wentao; Huang, Jun; Yu, Gang; Cao, Xuqi; Qiu, Zhaofu

doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3793-8

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have identified that the occurrence of PPCPs could have significant geographical patterns. The analyte concentrations in the present study are comparable with data reported in other studies with different geographical pattern (Beijing, Xiamen and Shanghai, data not shown) (Sui et al, 2010;Sui et al, 2015;Sun et al, 2016).…”

Section: Ppcp Profiles In Chinese Wastewatersupporting

confidence: 92%

Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China

Gao

O’Brien

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Sampling and analysis of wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become a useful tool for understanding exposure to chemicals. Both wastewater based studies and management and planning of the catchment require information on catchment population in the time of monitoring. Recently, a model has been developed and calibrated using selected pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) measured in influent wastewater for estimating population in different catchments in Australia. The present study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of utilizing this population estimation approach in China. Twenty-four hour composite influent samples were collected from 31 WWTPs in 17 cities with catchment sizes from 200,000-3,450,000 people representing all seven regions of China. The samples were analyzed for 19 PPCPs using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in direct injection mode. Eight chemicals were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Significant positive correlations were found between individual PPCP mass loads and population estimates provided by WWTP operators. Using the PPCP mass load modeling approach calibrated with WWTP operator data, we estimated the population size of each catchment with good agreement with WWTP operator values (between 50-200% for all sites and 75-125% for 23 of the 31 sites). Overall, despite much lower detection and relatively high heterogeneity in PPCP consumption across China the model provided a good estimate of the population contributing to a given wastewater sample. Wastewater analysis could also provide objective PPCP consumption status in China.

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Section: Ppcp Profiles In Chinese Wastewatersupporting

confidence: 92%

Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China

Gao

O’Brien

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: App 531 Ppcps Profiles In Chinese Wastewatersupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Until now, WWA studies in China have focused only on estimating the consumption of recreational illicit drugs (Du et al 2015, Khan et al 2014, Li et al 2014. Although many studies have monitored the occurrence of a wide variety of PPCPs in wastewater and other environmental compartments (Bu et al 2016, Chen et al 2012b, Peng et al 2008, Sim et al 2010, Wang et al 2015, Yu et al 2011, few studies in China have attempted to link the load measured in the influent with consumption in the population (Sui et al 2015).…”

Section: App 5 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining the uncertainties and expansion of wastewater-based epidemiology for assessing population exposure to chemicals

O’Brien¹

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Systematic sampling and analysis of wastewater is an increasingly used tool to complement more traditional techniques for assessing consumption of licit and illicit chemical substances in the population. The use of wastewater sampling and analysis contributes to a broader field that is referred to as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Both spatial and temporal analysis can be conducted quantitatively, quickly and cost effectively using the WBE approach.In brief, per capita exposure to a given chemical within a population is estimated by measuring the concentration of that chemical or a metabolite in a representative wastewater sample multiplied by the volume of wastewater represented by the sample, divided by the population size from which the sample originates and correcting by factors such as the excretion factor of the metabolite or chemical, molecular weight change and potential stability of the chemical within the sewer. It has previously been determined that the population size is the largest uncertainty for WBE estimates.The aim of this thesis it to therefore identify useful markers that allow population estimation for a given wastewater sample and apply this technique including to assess per capita exposure/release of a group of chemicals that have not been examined in previous WBE studies.The approach for this thesis was to systematically collect samples on a day when the population is well defined. For this we collected samples on the 2011 Census Day in Australia from 10 wastewater catchments ranging in size from approximately 1,500 to 500,000 people. By providing catchment maps to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the accurate population size for each catchment was determined.The most obvious choice of a potentially useful population markers are endogenous chemicals such as creatinine. Therefore, in Chapter 2, creatinine was assessed as a population marker. It was found that there was no correlation between the mass load of creatinine in wastewater and the population. Using laboratory-scale sewer reactors with conditions representative of both gravity sewers and rising mains, it was found that creatinine, while stable in collected samples, is unstable under sewer conditions. We therefore conclude that creatinine is not suitable for predicting differences in population size particularly when different sewer systems are compared. 2In Chapter 3, a method was developed to quantify 96 chemicals in wastewater influent and applied to the census wastewater samples to identify potential population size markers. Thirteen chemicals including acesulfame, caffeine, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products were detected in all samples and found to have a good correlation (R 2 > 0.8) between mass load and population size. A Bayesian inference model was developed which incorporated these potential population size markers to provide a population size estimate. The model was validated using a leave-one-out approach for all sites and comparing the population size estimate from the model with the accur...

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“…WWTPs and up to 58% for metoprolol in WWTPs of Shanghai. 39,40 For irbesartan, measured concentrations were higher than the PECs even in the worst-case scenario 3 with no removal in WWTPs. One of the possible reasons for the underestimation could be that only excretion by patients after use was considered as emissions.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Residues of Cardiovascular and Lipid-Lowering Drugs Pose a Risk to the Aquatic Ecosystem despite a High Wastewater Treatment Ratio in the Megacity Shanghai, China

Zuo

Meng

Liang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The residues of pharmaceuticals in surface waters of megacities and ecotoxicological implications are of particular concern. In this study, we combined field investigations and model simulations to explore the contamination of cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs, one group of the most prescribed medications globally, in surface waters of a typical megacity, Shanghai, with a high wastewater treatment ratio (≈96%). Among 26 target substances, 19 drugs were detected with aqueous concentrations ranging from 0.2 (ketanserin) to 715 ng/L (telmisartan). Of them, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, telmisartan and irbesartan, were dominant besides β-blockers. Spatial distribution analysis demonstrated their much higher levels in tributaries compared to the mainstream. The results of model simulations and field investigation revealed relatively low concentrations of cardiovascular and lipidlowering drugs in surface waters of Shanghai compared to other cities in highly developed countries, which is associated with low per capita usage in China. Ecotoxicological studies in zebrafish embryos further revealed developmental effects, including altered hatching success and heart rate, by irbesartan, telmisartan, lidocaine, and their mixtures at ng/L concentrations, which are typical levels in surface waters. Overall, the present results suggest that the high wastewater treatment ratio was not sufficient to protect fish species in the aquatic ecosystem of Shanghai. Exposure to cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs and associated risks will further increase in the future due to healthcare improvements and population aging.

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Pharmaceuticals and consumer products in four wastewater treatment plants in urban and suburb areas of Shanghai

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China

Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China

Refining the uncertainties and expansion of wastewater-based epidemiology for assessing population exposure to chemicals

Residues of Cardiovascular and Lipid-Lowering Drugs Pose a Risk to the Aquatic Ecosystem despite a High Wastewater Treatment Ratio in the Megacity Shanghai, China

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