Pharmaceutical load in sewage sludge and biochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization

Eyser, C. vom; Palmu, K.; Schmidt, Torsten; Tuerk, Jochen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.021

Cited by 64 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Anaerobic digestion was the most effective technology in reducing a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical residuals (in average ca 30% reduction) (Malmborg and Magn er, 2015). Eyser et al (2015) investigated the removal rate of 12 pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge (ibuprofen, phenazone, carbamazepine, bezafibrate, fenofibric acid, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin, metoprolol, propranolol, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole) as an effect of by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). It was noted that removal rates ranged of 39% to !97% in spite of phenazone, which increased during the HTC process.…”

Section: Pharmaceuticals (Phcs) and Personal Care Products (Pcps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of contaminations in sewage sludge – The current situation

Fijałkowski

Rorat

Grobelak

et al. 2017

Journal of Environmental Management

357

151

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Sewage sludge/biosolids are by-wastes of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. As sources of nutrients (C, N, P) they are widely used in intensive farming where large supplementation of organic matter to maintain fertility and enhance crop yields is needed. However, according to the report of European Commission published in 2010, only 39% of produced sewage sludge is recycled into agriculture in the European Union. This situation occurs mainly due to the fact, that the sewage sludge may contain a dangerous volume of different contaminants. For over decades, a great deal of attention has been focused on total concentration of few heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria Salmonella and Escherichia coli. The Sewage Sludge Directive (86/278/EEC) regulates the allowable limits of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg and pathogens and allows for recovery of sludge on land under defined sanitary and environmentally sound conditions. In this paper, a review on quality of sewage sludge based on the publications after 2010 has been presented. Nowadays there are several papers focusing on new serious threats to human health and ecosystem occurring in sewage sludge - both chemicals (such as toxic trace elements - Se, Ag, Ti; nanoparticles; polyaromatic hydrocarbons; polychlorinated biphenyl; perfluorinated surfactants, polycyclic musks, siloxanes, pesticides, phenols, sweeteners, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, benzotriazoles) and biological traits (Legionella, Yersinia, Escherichia coli O157:H7).

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Section: Pharmaceuticals (Phcs) and Personal Care Products (Pcps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The presence of contaminations in sewage sludge – The current situation

Fijałkowski

Rorat

Grobelak

et al. 2017

Journal of Environmental Management

357

151

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“…Extensive research has focussed on the hydrothermal processing of wastes such as sewage 12 sludge (Melero et al, 2015;vom Eyser et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2012) and to a 13 lesser extent manures but most have focused on energy densification (He et al, 2001; 14 Theelaga and Midgett, 2012;Chen et al, 2014;Titirici et al, 2007;Funke and Ziegler, 2010; 15 Berge et al, 2011;Lu et al, 2013). A number of studies have investigated the fate of 16 phosphorus in either the solid product or the aqueous product.…”

Section: Land 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of product yields and inorganic content in process streams following thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing of microalgae, manure and digestate

Ekpo

Ross

Camargo‐Valero

et al. 2016

Bioresource Technology

201

118

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ReuseUnless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing have shown promise for converting biomass 10 into higher energy density fuels. Both approaches can facilitate the extraction of inorganics in 11 to the aqueous process waters. This study compares the behaviour of microalgae, digestate, 12 swine and chicken manure by thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing at increasing 13 process severity. Thermal hydrolysis was performed at 170 °C, hydrothermal carbonization 14 (HTC) was performed at 250 °C, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was performed at 350 °C 15 and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) was performed at 500 °C in a batch reactor. The 16 level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the product streams was measured for each 17 feedstock. Nitrogen is present in the aqueous phase as organic-N and NH3-N. The proportion 18 of organic N increases the lower the temperature. The extraction of phosphorus is strongly 19 linked to the presence of inorganics such as Ca, Mg and Fe in the starting feedstock. 20 A comparison of product yields and inorganic content in process streamsMicroalgae and chicken manure release phosphorus more easily than the other feedstocks. 21Keywords: hydrothermal processing, NPK, manure, microalgae, digestate 22 23 Introduction 24Hydrothermal processing of biomass can be utilised as either a pre-treatment or for energy 25 densification. Thermal hydrolysis is often used prior to anaerobic digestion at temperatures in 26 the range 160-170 o C resulting in enhanced biogas yields (Mendez et al., 2015). 27Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) is operated at 180-250 °C and pressure between 2-10 28MPa, and produces a carbon-rich bio-coal (Mumme et al., 2011). Hydrothermal liquefaction 29 (HTL) is operated at 280-370 °C and pressures ranging from 10-25 MPa and produces a 30 synthetic bio-crude (Biller et al., 2012). Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is operated 1 at temperatures above 450 °C and pressure above the critical point of water (22 MPa) 2 producing a syngas containing H2, CO2 and CH4 (Toor et al., 2011). There is a growing 3 interest in the recovery of nutrients from wet wastes such as manures and bio-solids and 4 hydrothermal processing has been proposed to facilitate...

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“…Though it is reported that hydrothermal treatment decreased the environmental risk of abiotic contaminants, such as heavy metals and pharmaceuticals embedded in sewage sludge [45,46], the release of these contaminants from hydrochar has not yet been investigated. In case the hydrochar contains considerable amounts of these undesirable compounds, long-term monitoring on the effluent quality is recommended prior to the practical implementation of BSF supplemented with the hydrochar adsorbent.…”

Section: Potential Of Htc-sand Filters For Pathogen Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of hydrochar are largely determined by parameters such as reaction temperature, time, and pressure, as well as catalyst and feedstock composition [1]. Further research on the optimization of these parameters can improve the stability of heavy metals in the hydrochar [45], and completely degrade the pharmaceutical residues during the hydrothermal treatment [46].…”

Section: Potential Of Htc-sand Filters For Pathogen Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Escherichia coli by Intermittent Operation of Saturated Sand Columns Supplemented with Hydrochar Derived from Sewage Sludge

et al. 2017

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Featured Application: Bacterial removal in water treatment using a sand column supplemented with adsorbents derived from hydrothermally treated sewage sludge.Abstract: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology can convert various types of waste biomass into a carbon-rich product referred to as hydrochar. In order to verify the potential of hydrochar produced from stabilized sewage sludge to be an adsorbent for bacterial pathogen removal in water treatment, the Escherichia coli's removal efficiency was determined by using 10 cm sand columns loaded with 1.5% (w/w) hydrochar. Furthermore, the removal of E. coli based on intermittent operation in larger columns of 50 cm was measured for 30 days. Since the removal of E. coli was not sufficient when the sand columns were supplemented with raw hydrochar, an additional cold-alkali activation of the hydrochar using potassium hydroxide was applied. This enabled more than 90% of E. coli removal in both the 10 cm and 50 cm column experiments. The enhancement of the E. coli removal efficiency could be attributed to the more hydrophobic surface of the KOH pre-treated hydrochar. The idle time during the intermittent flushing experiments in the sand-only columns without the hydrochar supplement had a significant effect on the E. coli removal (p < 0.05), resulting in a removal efficiency of 55.2%. This research suggested the possible utilization of hydrochar produced from sewage sludge as an adsorbent in water treatment for the removal of bacterial contaminants.

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Pharmaceutical load in sewage sludge and biochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization

Cited by 64 publications

References 41 publications

The presence of contaminations in sewage sludge – The current situation

The presence of contaminations in sewage sludge – The current situation

A comparison of product yields and inorganic content in process streams following thermal hydrolysis and hydrothermal processing of microalgae, manure and digestate

Removal of Escherichia coli by Intermittent Operation of Saturated Sand Columns Supplemented with Hydrochar Derived from Sewage Sludge

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