22 The safety of medicines is an essential part of patient safety. Global drug safety 23 depends on strong national systems that monitor the development and quality of 24 medicines. Poor quality medicines do not meet official standards for strength, quality, 25 purity, packaging and labelling. Hence, this study determines in-vitro quality 26 attributes of glibenclamide 5mg tablet marketed in Addis Ababa according to 27 drug monograph specifications. All tested brands meet the requirements for physical 28 inspection & complied specification for friability and hardness. Besides, the tested 29 brands met USP 38 specification for assay (99.96% to 108.85%) and for content 30 uniformity (AV values ranges from 3.35 to 10.04). In-vitro release tests were carried 31 out in phosphate buffer of 7.5 and 8.5 pH and showed drug release of ≥ 75%, met 32 USP 38 requirements. However, significant difference with respect to dissolution 33 profile among tested brands GL4 and GL6 were confirmed with comparator product 34 through model independent approach. Moreover, DE values were studied and 35 confirmed that GL4 and GL6 were not therapeutically interchangeable with innovator 36 product. 37 3 38 Introduction 39 Glibenclamide, which is also Glyburide in USA, is a second-generation sulfonylurea 40 oral hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes. It is 41 a Biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drug that has high 42 permeability and poor water solubility (Figure 1).[1] It is one of the most prescribed 43 long-acting anti-hyperglycemic agents that lower the blood glucose acutely by 44 stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon 45 functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. [2] 46 47 Figure 1. Chemical structure of Glibenclamide 48 49The food and Drug Administration (FDA) has dictated that in order for the generic 50 drugs to be approved, they have to pass many guided tests and examination for their 51 physicochemical characteristics, contain the same active constituents and strength, in 52 addition, to be bioequivalent to their innovator product. [3] 53 54 The quality concern of drugs is as old as drugs themselves. Despite all the advances 55 made over the years, this concern has not disappeared. In the recent past, the 56 unregulated proliferation of pharmaceutical industries and products has brought with 57 it many diverse problems of varying magnitude. [4] The use of ineffective, poor 58 quality, harmful medicines can result in therapeutic failure, exacerbation of disease, 59 resistance to medicines and sometimes death. It also undermines confidence in health 60 systems, health professionals, pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors. Money 61 spent on ineffective, poor quality medicines is wasted -whether by consumers or 62 governments. [5] 63 64 The safety, efficacy, and quality of the medicines should be ascertained to provide a 65 desired pharmacological effect. Substandard drugs have been defined as those which 66 do not meet qualit...