Pharmaceutical evaluation of different shampoo brands in local Saudi market

Abstract

Shampooing is the most common form of hair treatment. Shampoos are primarily products aimed at cleansing the hair and scalp. There are many brands of shampoos in Saudi Arabia, available from different sources, locally and imported from other countries. This study aims to investigate whether such brands comply with the Saudi standard specifications for shampoos, issued by the National Center for Specifications and Standards, and to what extent these specifications are applied. Six shampoo brands were randomly collected from Riyadh market (Pantene®, Sunsilk®, Herbal essences®, Garnier Ultra Doux®, Syoss® and L'Oreal Elvive®). The selected shampoos were evaluated according to their physicochemical properties, including organoleptic characterization, pH measurement, percentage of solid content, rheological measurements, dirt dispersion level, foaming ability and foam stability, and surface tension. All shampoos had a good percentage of solids, excellent foam formation with stable foam and a highly viscous nature. Regarding the pH measurement, all shampoo samples were within the specified range with good wetting ability.

Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Lab-Based Aloe adigratana Reynolds Shampoos

“…Solid content of 20 to 30% is considered as the preferred attribute of commercial shampoos. Many researchers were able to formulate herbal shampoos with solid content falling within the acceptable range [28,[36][37][38].…”

“…Viscosity of a shampoo is the reflection of the amount of its solid content. Viscosity plays a key role in defining many attributes of shampoos such as their spreadability upon application and consistency in their package [37]. e viscosities of our shampoo formulations were determined using Brookfield Viscometer Spindle No.…”

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Vernonia Amygdalina Leaf Extracts as an Auxiliary in Natural Hair Shampoo

“…The pH of formulated shampoo (1) and (2) was found to be nearly commercial with a pH of 6.7±0.02 and 6.5 ±0.02, respectively. High quality shampoo should contain only 20-30% of solid content [22,39]. The high solid content shampoo will be difficult in the washing out process.…”

Hair Washing Formulations from Aloe elegans Todaro Gel: The Potential for Making Hair Shampoo

“…Shampoos with lower solid content are thin and watery while those with higher solid content are thick and greasy. Whereas thin shampoos drain off the hair quickly, the thick ones are difficult to work with [ 39 , 41 , 48 , 49 ]. Increasing the proportion of the gel from 2 mL to 10 mL consistently led to the raising of the solid contents of the formulations.…”

“…Thus, the stalagmometer was thoroughly cleaned using chromic acid and sterile distilled water to remove any traces of greases and lubricants because they greatly affect surface tension. The surface tension was calculated using this formula R 2 = [(( W 3 – W 1 ) × N 1 ) ÷ (( W 2 – W 1 ) × N 2 )] × R 1 , where W 1 is the weight of empty beaker, W 2 is the weight of beaker with distilled water, W 3 is the weight of beaker with formulation solution, N 1 is the number of drops of distilled water, N 2 is the number of drops of formulation solution, R 1 is the surface tension of distilled water at 25°C, and R 2 is the surface tension of shampoo solution at 25°C [ 41 ].…”