Pharmaceutical Approaches to Normal Tension Glaucoma

Salvetat, Maria Letizia; Pellegrini, Francesco; Spadea, Leopoldo; Salati, Carlo; Zeppieri, Marco

doi:10.3390/ph16081172

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…There is no cure for POAG. Apart from the subset of POAG patients without elevated eye pressure (normal tension glaucoma) ( 3 ), the disease is primarily managed through hypotensive eye drops that reduce pressure-induced damage ( 4 ). While ocular hypotensive therapy has been shown to delay POAG progression ( 5 ), consistent use of eye drops is a challenge for many patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between perceived cause of glaucoma and illness perceptions

Choe,

Poleon,

Thomas

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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PurposeThe perceived cause of disease is an important factor that has been linked with treatment outcomes but has not been fully assessed in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This study assessed the accuracy of patients’ perceived cause of POAG and identified associations between accuracy, illness perceptions, medication adherence, and quality of life (QoL).MethodsThe Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) was used to assess illness perceptions and asked patients to rank the three most important causes of their disease in order of importance. POAG risk factors recognized by the American Academy of Ophthalmology were used to code responses as accurate or inaccurate based on the following three methods: (1) coding any reported cause, regardless of rank, (2) coding only the first-ranked cause, and (3) coding and weighting all reported causes. Medication adherence was measured electronically. QoL was measured using the Glaucoma Quality of Life questionnaire. Mann–Whitney U test was used to detect differences in illness perceptions, medication adherence, and QoL between accuracy groups.ResultsA total of 97 patients identified a cause of their POAG and were included in this analysis. A higher proportion of patients reported an accurate cause (86.6% using method 1, 78.4% using method 2, and 79.4% using method 3; all p < 0.001). Mean medication adherence was 86.0% ± 17.8 and was similar across accuracy groups (all p > 0.05). Using method 2 (p = 0.045) and method 3 (p = 0.028), patients who reported an accurate cause of their POAG believed that their illness would last for a longer time compared to patients who reported an inaccurate cause. Method 3 also revealed that patients who reported an accurate cause of their POAG had lower perceived understanding of their illness (p = 0.048) compared to patients who reported an inaccurate cause. There were no differences in QoL between accuracy groups (all p > 0.05).ConclusionThis study highlights the association between perceived cause of POAG and illness perceptions related to knowledge level and POAG duration. Future studies should assess associations between perceived cause of disease and other critical dimensions of illness perception.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between perceived cause of glaucoma and illness perceptions

Choe,

Poleon,

Thomas

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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“…On the other hand, a large part of the patients showing cupping of the optic disc, RGC degeneration and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer have no statistically elevated IOP, a condition known as normal tension glaucoma, indicating that additional pathophysiological pathways other than IOP elevation may be involved in generating the damage characterizing glaucoma [10]. Among these IOP-independent mechanisms, insufficient vascular perfusion of the optic nerve head, dysregulation in the balance between apoptosis and autophagy in RGCs, oxidative stress and impaired neurotrophin production have been reported to play a fundamental role [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Acebuche Oil Exert a Retinoprotective Effect in a Murine Model of High-Tension Glaucoma

Lucchesi,

Marracci,

Amato

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Glaucoma is characterized by cupping of the optic disc, apoptotic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, with patchy loss of vision. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for hypertensive glaucoma and the only modifiable one. There is a need to find novel compounds that counteract other risk factors contributing to RGC degeneration. The oil derived from the wild olive tree (Olea europaea var. sylvestris), also called Acebuche (ACE), shows powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and retinoprotective effects. We evaluated whether ACE oil could counteract glaucoma-related detrimental effects. To this aim, we fed mice either a regular or an ACE oil-enriched diet and then induced IOP elevation through intraocular injection of methylcellulose. An ACE oil-enriched diet suppressed glaucoma-dependent retinal glia reactivity and inflammation. The redox status of the glaucomatous retinas was restored to a control-like situation, and ischemia was alleviated by an ACE oil-enriched diet. Notably, retinal apoptosis was suppressed in the glaucomatous animals fed ACE oil. Furthermore, as shown by electroretinogram analyses, RGC electrophysiological functions were almost completely preserved by the ACE oil-enriched diet. These ameliorative effects were IOP-independent and might depend on ACE oil’s peculiar composition. Although additional studies are needed, nutritional supplementation with ACE oil might represent an adjuvant in the management of glaucoma.

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Evaluation of Rho kinase inhibitor effects on neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in an ex-vivo retinal explant model

Reboussin,

Bastelica,

Benmessabih

et al. 2024

acta neuropathol commun

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Background Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, affecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. By 2040, it is likely to affect 110 million people. Neuroinflammation, specifically through the release of proinflammatory cytokines by M1 microglial cells, plays a crucial role in glaucoma progression. Indeed, in post-mortem human studies, pre-clinical models, and ex-vivo models, RGC degeneration has been consistently shown to be linked to inflammation in response to cell death and tissue damage. Recently, Rho kinase inhibitors (ROCKis) have emerged as potential therapies for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of three ROCKis (Y-27632, Y-33075, and H-1152) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and retinal neuroinflammation using an ex-vivo retinal explant model. Methods Rat retinal explants underwent optic nerve axotomy and were treated with Y-27632, Y-33075, or H-1152. The neuroprotective effects on RGCs were evaluated using immunofluorescence and Brn3a-specific markers. Reactive glia and microglial activation were studied by GFAP, CD68, and Iba1 staining. Flow cytometry was used to quantify day ex-vivo 4 (DEV 4) microglial proliferation and M1 activation by measuring the number of CD11b + , CD68 + , and CD11b + /CD68 + cells after treatment with control solvent or Y-33075. The modulation of gene expression was measured by RNA-seq analysis on control and Y-33075-treated explants and glial and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was validated by RT-qPCR. Results Y-27632 and H-1152 did not significantly protect RGCs. By contrast, at DEV 4, 50 µM Y-33075 significantly increased RGC survival. Immunohistology showed a reduced number of Iba1 + /CD68 + cells and limited astrogliosis with Y-33075 treatment. Flow cytometry confirmed lower CD11b + , CD68 + , and CD11b + /CD68 + cell numbers in the Y-33075 group. RNA-seq showed Y-33075 inhibited the expression of M1 microglial markers ( Tnfα , Il-1β , Nos2 ) and glial markers ( Gfap , Itgam , Cd68 ) and to reduce apoptosis, ferroptosis, inflammasome formation, complement activation, TLR pathway activation, and P2rx7 and Gpr84 gene expression. Conversely, Y-33075 upregulated RGC-specific markers, neurofilament formation, and neurotransmitter regulator expression, consistent with its neuroprotective effects. Conclusion Y-33075 demonstrates marked neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, surpassing the other t...

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Pharmaceutical Approaches to Normal Tension Glaucoma

Cited by 4 publications

References 124 publications

The association between perceived cause of glaucoma and illness perceptions

The association between perceived cause of glaucoma and illness perceptions

The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Acebuche Oil Exert a Retinoprotective Effect in a Murine Model of High-Tension Glaucoma

Evaluation of Rho kinase inhibitor effects on neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in an ex-vivo retinal explant model

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