Pharmaceutical Applications of Cellulose Ethers and Cellulose Ether Esters

Arca, Hale Çiğdem; Mosquera-Giraldo, Laura I.; Bi, Vivian; Di, Xu; Taylor, Lynne S.; Edgar, Kevin J.

doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00517

Cited by 220 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 237 publications

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“…[2] Among the cellulose derivatives, methyl cellulose (MC) has extensively been used for applications related to foods, detergents, paints, adhesives, cosmetics, safety, and gels. [3][4][5] Therein, MC acts as an emulsifier, viscosity controller, and mechanical adjuvant for composite systems. [6] It has been shown that 2.49 wt% of MC having molecular weight of 310 kDa and a degree of substitution of 1.8 display lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at 29 ± 2 o C, below which Newtonian flow is observed and above which non-Newtonian flow and increased viscosity emerge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl cellulose/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposite fibers with high ductility

Hynninen

Mohammadi

Wagermaier

et al. 2019

European Polymer Journal

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Methylcellulose/cellulose nanocrystal (MC/CNC) nanocomposite fibers showing high ductility and high modulus of toughness were prepared by a simple aqueous wet-spinning from corresponding nanocomposite hydrogels into ethanol coagulation bath followed by drying. The hydrogel MC aq. concentration was maintained at 1 wt-% while the CNC aq. loading was systematically varied in the range 0 -3 wt-%. This approach resulted in MC/CNC fiber compositions from 25/75 wt-%/wt-% to 95/5 wt-%/wt-%. The optimal mechanical properties were achieved with the MC/CNC composition of 80/20 wt-%/wt-% allowing high strain (36.1 %) and modulus of toughness (48.3 MJ/m 3 ), still keeping a high strength (190 MPa). Further, we demonstrate that the continuous spinning of MC/CNC fibers is potentially possible. The results indicate possibilities to spin MC-based highly ductile composite fibers from environmentally benign aqueous solvents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl cellulose/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposite fibers with high ductility

Hynninen

Mohammadi

Wagermaier

et al. 2019

European Polymer Journal

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“…In the field of cellulose chemistry, many derivatives have been developed and some are even produced in industrial scale. [1] However, introduction of sophisticated functional substituents requires advanced reaction pathways. It was studied to generate artificially branched derivatives [2] that can be achieved…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All Sugar Based Cellulose Derivatives Synthesized by Azide–Alkyne Click Chemistry

Koschella

Chien

Iwata

et al. 2019

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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chemically by, for example, glycosylation reactions. [3,4] Cellulose can be converted to the corresponding orthoesters by reaction with acetobromoglucose in presence of triethylamine. [5] However, the methods described so far require the use of hazardous reagents. The copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was found to be advantageous for the preparation of numerous cellulose derivatives. [6,7] This reaction proceeds under mild conditions and even in aqueous media. In addition to a proof of principle, for example, [8,9] this type of click reaction has been utilized for the synthesis of highlyengineered cellulose derivatives. Dendron-like moieties could be attached to cellulose, [10] where either the azide [11] or the alkyne moiety was attached to the complementarily modified polymer backbone. [12] Moreover, azide group containing cellulose derivative could be crosslinked with propargyl modified cyclodextrin to obtain biocompatible gels. [13] The surface of cellulose fibers was modified as well, for example, by copoly merization of alkyne-containing monomers, [14] by silane chemistry, [15,16] or by tosylation of the paper surface followed by nucleophilic displacement with azide ions. [17] The functionalities attached can possess photomicrobicidal properties [18-20] or increase the strength of pulp fibers. [21] Maltose derivatives bearing N-and O-linked propargyl moieties attached to cellulose by azide-alkyne click chemistry increase the water solubility of the polymer. [22,23] This approach of click chemistry enabled the preparation of cellulose block copolymers by using cellulose derivatives bearing alkyne-or azide groups at position 1 of the reducing end of the oligosaccharide chain. [24] The reactive groups can be introduced regioselectively by, for example, 3-O-azidopropoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-2,6-di-O-thexyldimethylsilyl cellulose [25] or 3-O-propargyl cellulose. [26] In the context of plastic waste including the micro-plastic problems, biobased and biodegradable polymers are highly desirable. In this respect, solubility is an interesting parameter to enhance the biocompability of polymers. Moreover, functional polymers synthesized completely based on renewable resource (polymeric and monomeric carbohydrates) are important in order to save fossil resources. In the present paper the synthesis and structural characterization of cellulose derivatives bearing sugar moieties is reported that impart solubility to the polymer by taking advantages of the click chemistry approach. Cellulose is functionalized with different monosaccharides by the azide-alkyne click chemistry approach. Either azide or alkyne moieties are attached to the cellulose backbone and allowed to react with sugar moieties bearing the opposite clickable groups. Between 16% and 100% of the reactive sites at the polymer can be functionalized with sugar molecules and a clear correlation between steric demand and DS Sugar is observed. The polymers remain soluble in aprotic dipolar media like dimethyl sulfoxide. Products with a sufficient hydroph...

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“…21 The industrial production of cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose esters and ethers, resulted in dramatic changes in the material properties. 32 Limited control over the degree of modification prevents detailed structure-property correlations to be established and generates unreproducible results. Synthetic well-defined polysaccharides allowed for definitive correlations between the increased flexibility of the single chain and the reduced aggregation, precipitation, and regular packing upon drying.…”

Section: Polysaccharide Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%