Phantom limb imaginary fingertapping causes primary motor cortex activation

Ersland, Lars; Rosén, Gunnar; Lundervold, Arvid; Smievoll, Alf Inge; Tillung, Terje; Sundberg, Håkan; Hugdahl, Kenneth

doi:10.1097/00001756-199612200-00042

Cited by 104 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The primary motor area evokes a certain motion and is also involved in motion preparation 3,22) . In our study, the visual stimulus activated the bilateral precentral gyri, i.e., the subjects imaged the motion as if they had actually made the motion; consequently, the result was similar to that of the tongue movement task of Wildgruber et al 32) .…”

Section: ) Primary Motor Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual and Auditory Stimuli Associated with Swallowing: An fMRI Study

Kawai

Watanabe

Tonogi

et al. 2009

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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We focused on brain areas activated by audiovisual stimuli related to swallowing motions. In this study, three kinds of stimuli related to human swallowing movement (auditory stimuli alone, visual stimuli alone, or audiovisual stimuli) were presented to the subjects, and activated brain areas were measured using fMRI and analyzed. When auditory stimuli alone were presented, the supplementary motor area was activated. When visual stimuli alone were presented, the premotor and primary motor areas of the left and right hemispheres and prefrontal area of the left hemisphere were activated. When audiovisual stimuli were presented, the prefrontal and premotor areas of the left and right hemispheres were activated. Activation of Broca's area, which would have been characteristic of mirror neuron system activation on presentation of motion images, was not observed; however, activation of brain areas related to swallowing motion programming and performance was verified for auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli related to swallowing motion. These results suggest that audiovisual stimuli related to swallowing motion could be applied to the treatment of patients with dysphagia.

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Section: ) Primary Motor Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual and Auditory Stimuli Associated with Swallowing: An fMRI Study

Kawai

Watanabe

Tonogi

et al. 2009

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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“…in the congenitally blind). Visual components are suggested by the similar, albeit less intense, neural activation patterns evident in the primary motor cortex for phantom and non-phantom limbs during visual imagery of a motor task [9]. Phantom pain can be alleviated through visual imagery of the body part relaxing [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Fourkas

Ionta

Aglioti

2006

Behavioural Brain Research

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Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to test the assumption that kinesthetic imagery of action is more 'motor' than visual imagery of action. We assessed corticospinal excitability during motor imagery of a thumb-palm opposition movement by recording potentials evoked by TMS from two hand muscles that would (opponens pollicis, OP, target) or would not (abductor digiti minimi, ADM, control) be activated during actual performance of the very same movement. Participants were asked to imagine the thumb-palm opposition movement while maintaining first person imagery that was either purely visual or predominately kinesthetic. The motor imagery task was performed in two conditions in which the imagined and the actual hand could be either congruent or incongruent. Facilitation of potentials recorded from OP was higher during imagery carried out in mentally congruent than incongruent postures. This effect was largely due to lack of excitability recorded during incongruent kinesthetic imagery, which was indistinguishable from baseline imagery of the static hand. All other conditions differed from static imagery regardless of position. No significant effects were found in a control muscle (ADM) thus indicating that the effect was not related to spatial coding. Subjective reports obtained after the experiment indicate that the results cannot be ascribed to qualitative differences in the imagery experienced. For relatively simple motor tasks requiring no 'expertise' we found no detectable difference in the motor cortex due to imagery modality.

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“…After recovery, there is another reorganization, but the new map will not be the same as the original map because of peripheral mismatch in the regeneration of nerve fibers. 5,6,9,[13][14][15]18,19,30 Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is a novel method of examining the functional networks of the brain and is beneficial because it does not depend on task performances, it allows data to be easily acquired, and it enables the evaluation of functional networks. 2,7,32,38 Although task-based fMRI cannot be performed for patients with BPI because their affected limb is completely paralyzed, rs-fMRI analysis can be done without patients performing any task.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cortical plasticity after brachial plexus injury and repair: a resting-state functional MRI study

Bhat¹,

Devi²,

Bharti³

et al. 2017

FOC

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OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to understand the alterations of brain resting-state networks (RSNs) in patients with pan–brachial plexus injury (BPI) before and after surgery, which might provide insight into cortical plasticity after peripheral nerve injury and regeneration. METHODS Thirty-five patients with left pan-BPI before surgery, 30 patients after surgery, and 25 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). The 30 postoperative patients were subdivided into 2 groups: 14 patients with improvement in muscle power and 16 patients with no improvement in muscle power after surgery. RSNs were extracted using independent component analysis to evaluate connectivity at a significance level of p < 0.05 (familywise error corrected). RESULTS The patients with BPI had lower connectivity in their sensorimotor network (SMN) and salience network (SN) and greater connectivity in their default mode network (DMN) before surgery than the controls. Connectivity of the left supplementary motor cortex in the SMN and medial frontal gyrus and in the anterior cingulate cortex in the SN increased in patients whose muscle power had improved after surgery, whereas no significant changes were noted in the unimproved patients. There was a trend toward reduction in DMN connectivity in all the patients after surgery compared with that in the preoperative patients; however, this result was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the fact that peripheral nerve injury, its management, and successful treatment cause dynamic changes within the brain's RSNs, which includes not only the obvious SMN but also the higher cognitive networks such as the SN and DMN, which indicates brain plasticity and compensatory mechanisms at work.

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Phantom limb imaginary fingertapping causes primary motor cortex activation

Cited by 104 publications

References 8 publications

Visual and Auditory Stimuli Associated with Swallowing: An fMRI Study

Visual and Auditory Stimuli Associated with Swallowing: An fMRI Study

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Cortical plasticity after brachial plexus injury and repair: a resting-state functional MRI study

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