Phagocytosis of Microorganisms

Horwitz, Marcus A.

doi:10.1093/clinids/4.1.104

Cited by 177 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This subject is of importance, since phagocytic cells are essential for controlling almost all infections and are mediators of inflammation. It is well established that the intracellular survival of certain pathogenic organisms after ingestion by phagocytes may lead to progressive, chronic, or recurrent disease (17). Therefore, the therapeutic effectiveness of an antibiotic may depend upon i) the agent's entry into host phagocytic cells, and ii) the agent's influence on the killing activity of these cells against ingested organisms, as well as extracellular drug-bacteria interaction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Macrolide Antibiotics on Macrophage Functions

Fujita

Negayama

et al. 1996

Microbiology and Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Macrolide antibiotics have a variety of actions other than antimicrobial activities. Recently, it has been suggested that macrolide antibiotics act as immunomodulators.In this study, we evaluated the effects of macrolide antibiotics on macrophage functions.For the macrophage, we used the mouse macrophage cell line J774.1. The following effects of macrolide antibiotics on macrophage functions were evaluated: the effect of macrolide antibiotics on macrophage growth; the phagocytosis of beads; cytocidal activity against Candida albicans; and chemotaxis to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Macrolide antibiotics except for azithromycin significantly stimulated the growth of the macrophage. In addition, pretreatment with macrolide antibiotics except for roxithromycin significantly stimulated the macrophage phagocytosis of beads, macrophage chemotaxis to LPS, and macrophage cytocidal activity against Candida albicans. These results suggest that macrolide antibiotics stimulate macrophage functions. There is increasing evidence that long-term administration of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (EM) is effective in the treatment of chronic respiratory infections, probably through actions other than its antimicrobial properties (19). Although the mechanism of the efficacy is uncertain, several hypotheses have been proposed, such as the immunomodulatory action of macrolide antibiotics. Macrolide antibiotics modulate the functions of inflammatory cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages (1, 33). In addition, macrolide antibiotics directly affect airway secretory cell (12) and epithelial cell (35) functions. These effects are proposed to explain the efficacy of macrolides in the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases. Several studies have been conducted concerning the interaction between phagocytic cells and macrolide antibiotics. However, there are few reports that evaluate the interaction between macrophage functions and several macrolide antibiotics. With this background, we evaluated various aspects of the interaction between four macrolide antibiotics and macrophages. These studies included the effect on growth, effect on phagocytic activity, effect on chemotaxis to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and effect of cytotoxicity against Candida albicans. Materials and MethodsMacrophage. We used a murine macrophage cell line, J774.1. This cell line was obtained from the RIKEN Cell Bank (Ibaraki, Japan). This cell line was cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS).Antibiotics. The EM (Japan Dynabot Co., Tokyo), clarithromycin (CAM, Japan Dynabot Co.), roxithromycin (RXM, Roussel Uclaf, Paris, France), and azithromycin (AZM, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Inc., Japan) were provided by the respective manufacturers. These 4 drugs were dissolved in 90% methanol at a concentration of 2 mg/ml as a stock solution; then diluted with RPMI-1640 medium with 10% FBS. Several final concentrations of macrolide antibiotics (4 concentrations of each antibiotic) were used in the following experimen...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Macrolide Antibiotics on Macrophage Functions

Fujita

Negayama

et al. 1996

Microbiology and Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Optimal opsonophagocytosis of bacteria depends on the presence of both heat-stable (antibodies) and heat-labile (complement) opsonins (1). Severe and recurrent bacterial infections commonly occur in patients with humoral immunodeficiency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Immune Globulin Intravenous on Opsonization of Bacteria by Classic and Alternative Complement Pathways in Premature Serum

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. The mechanisms involved in the effect of immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) on bacterial opsonization by both complement pathways in premature serum were elucidated in this study. Of the bacteria used, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis were nonencapsulated while Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli 07 K1 were encapsulated. As demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, IGIV showed specific antibody titers of 1:32 for S. aureus and S. enteritidis and of 1:8 for S. pyogenes and E. coli 07 K1. IGIV alone had no direct opsonic activity against these organisms. Addition of IGIV did not alter the opsonic activity of normal adult serum against these organisms. In contrast, addition of IGIV promoted the opsonic activity of premature serum against the nonencapsulated bacteria to levels matching that in normal adult serum. The IGIV preparation significantly improved the opsonization of bacteria by the classic (from 39 to 68% of that in adult serum) and alternative (from 22 to 97% of that in adult serum) complement pathways in premature serum. IGIV also markedly augmented C3 deposition on the bacteria by both complement pathways. These studies suggest that IGIV containing high titers of specific antibodies promote opsonization of bacteria by the enhancement of complement pathway activation, especially the alternative pathway, in premature serum. (Pediatr

show abstract

“…Opsonins and PMN are essential components for efficient phagocytosis to take place [28]. When sufficient amounts of opsonin are being provided, neonatal PMN of both mature and premature neonates are able to amply ingest foreign particles and to initiate respiratory burst [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When sufficient amounts of opsonin are being provided, neonatal PMN of both mature and premature neonates are able to amply ingest foreign particles and to initiate respiratory burst [29]. In general, IgG and activated complement components constitute the opsonic activity [28]. In newborns, however, the complement system is still immature and its role in opsonization is suggested to be less contributory than IgG [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of immunoglobulin therapy on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes in whole blood of neonates

Fujiwara

Taniuchi

Hattori

et al. 1997

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThere has been some disagreement as to the clinical effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy on neonatal bacterial infections. We therefore evaluated the effect of IVIG therapy on neonatal polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) functions by monitoring phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production. Subjects were 10 mature neonates who had normal plasma levels (i.e. equal to adult plasma levels) of IgG and nine premature neonates who had lower plasma levels of IgG. Phagocytosis by PMN was measured using flow cytometric analysis of whole blood. Addition of g-globulin to the whole blood of mature neonates increased phagocytosis, but not significantly. Higher doses of added g-globulin (> 2·0 mg/ml, the concentration was expressed as that in the final reaction volume) decreased phagocytosis to under baseline level. In premature neonates addition of g-globulin increased phagocytosis and the significant maximum effect was observed with 0·5 mg/ml of the additional g-globulin.Higher doses of additional g-globulin (2·5 mg/ml) decreased phagocytosis to baseline level. Phagocytosis in four mature and four premature neonates was compared before and after 1 g/kg of IVIG therapy. Phagocytosis in mature neonates after IVIG therapy did not change compared with the pretreatment level. On the other hand, phagocytosis in premature neonates after IVIG therapy significantly increased compared with its pretreatment level. In both mature and premature neonates H 2 O 2 production following phagocytosis varied in parallel with changes of phagocytosis. The patterns of H 2 O 2 production following phagocytosis were essentially similar to those observed with phagocytosis. The above results are expected to form the basis for a rational indication for IVIG therapy against bacterial infections in neonates with low plasma IgG levels.

show abstract

Phagocytosis of Microorganisms

Cited by 177 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of Macrolide Antibiotics on Macrophage Functions

Effect of Macrolide Antibiotics on Macrophage Functions

Effect of Immune Globulin Intravenous on Opsonization of Bacteria by Classic and Alternative Complement Pathways in Premature Serum

Effect of immunoglobulin therapy on phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes in whole blood of neonates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About