Phagocytic Response of Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates Following in Vitro Exposure to Trace Elements

Sauvé, Sébastien; Hendawi, Mohamed; Brousseau, Pauline; Fournier, Michel

doi:10.1006/eesa.2001.2125

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Their function is regulated by internal factors (such as hormones and humoral factors present in hemolymph) and is also highly sensitive to external disturbances, such as temperature, salinity and particularly chemical pollution of the environment (see Livingstone and Pipe, 1992;Fournier et al, 2002;Lacoste et al, 2002;Sauve et al, 2002a,b and references therein). Environmental pollutants can affect many hemocyte functions such as phagocytosis (Brousseau et al, 2000;Auffret et al, 2002;Sauve et al, 2002b), aggregation ability (crucial for encapsulation of foreign particles; Auffret and Oubella, 1997) and the ability to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) used for bactericidal protection (Roesijadi et al, 1997;Auffret et al, 2002). Environmental pollution can also have significant effects on homeostasis of hemocyte cell number.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cadmium-induced apoptosis in oyster hemocytes involves disturbance of cellular energy balance but no mitochondrial permeability transition

Sokolova

Evans

Hughes

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

191

111

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SUMMARY Exposure to environmentally prevalent heavy metals such as cadmium can have detrimental effects on a variety of commercially and ecologically important species such as oysters. Since Cd2+ is known to induce apoptosis in immune cells of vertebrates, we have investigated the effects of this metal on isolated oyster hemocytes, the main cellular immune defense in mollusks. Enhanced apoptosis of these cells could conceivably create immunosuppressed conditions in these organisms and result in reduced disease resistance and increased opportunistic infection, resulting in decline of their populations. Cd2+ exposure induced apoptosis in oyster hemocytes in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 10-100 μmol l-1, as indicated by the translocation of phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. At higher concentrations (200-1000 μmol l-1), there was no further increase in apoptosis but a significant increase in the level of necrosis. In stark contrast to vertebrate immune cells, there was no decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential or activation of caspases in response to Cd2+ in the apoptotic range. Surprisingly, Cd2+ exposure in this range did cause a significant decrease in intracellular ATP levels, indicating a severe disturbance of energy metabolism. Similarly, Cd2+ exposure of isolated mitochondria resulted in partial uncoupling of mitochondria but no difference in mitochondrial membrane potential. The results demonstrate that the important environmental pollutant Cd2+ induces apoptosis in oyster immune cells and does so through a mitochondria/caspase-independent pathway,suggesting that a novel, perhaps ancient, apoptotic pathway is active in these cells. Furthermore, it appears that the observed decrease in ATP production during apoptosis is not due to the loss of the mitochondrial proton-motive force but is more likely to be due to inhibition of the F0/F1-ATPase and/or mitochondrial ADP/ATP or substrate transport.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium-induced apoptosis in oyster hemocytes involves disturbance of cellular energy balance but no mitochondrial permeability transition

Sokolova

Evans

Hughes

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

191

111

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“…In this case, authors attributed the immunosuppression to the cytoskeleton disorganization mediated directly by the interaction of metals with structural proteins of the cytoskeleton or indirectly by dysfunctions in calcium homeostasis mechanisms. Immunosuppresion was also observed by Sauvé et al (2002a) who showed that an exposure to a concentration higher than 10 -4 M of CdCl 2 induced a significant dose related inhibition of marine and freshwater bivalve haemocyte phagocytosis. Similarly, Sauvé et al (2002b) showed that Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn caused significant immunosuppressive effects with concentrations inducing 50 % inhibition ranging from 10 -5 to 10 -4 M in Eisenia fetida, Lumbricus terrestris, Aporrectodea turgida, and Tubifex tubifex.…”

Section: Phagocytosis Activitymentioning

confidence: 60%

The cell cultures and the use of haemocytes from marine molluscs for ecotoxicology assessment

Ladhar-Chaabouni

Hamza-Chaffai

2015

Cytotechnology

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Among aquatic organisms suitable for biological monitoring, molluscs occupy a prominent place due to their wide geographic distribution, their abundance and accessibility in the field as well as in aquaculture. Molluscs reflect the degree of environmental contamination and are the most useful bioindicator tools. The study of modulation of immune system or immunomodulation in marine molluscs has become one of the privileged ways for evaluating the physiological effects of environmental factors. Physiological responses of molluscs to environmental stresses could be mediated by haemocytes. These cells are continually exposed to the external environment due to the open circulatory system of molluscs and are affected by pollutants. In fact, several studies showed the effects of different environmental contaminants on haemocyte functions (viability, phagocytosis, ROS production) as well as on proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure maintenance using the in vitro approaches. In ecotoxicology, in vitro approach is an alternative to animal testing due to the reduced use of experimental animals, low cost and rapid performance. Although several studies showed the importance of using in vitro cell models to determine the effects of different environmental contaminants on haemocyte parameters in marine molluscs, a few reviews highlight these effects. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize the recent data on the effect of some xenobiotics on haemocyte parameters in some mollusc species and then suggest future research prospects.

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“…Purified water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system. single worm into a 15-mL tube containing 3 mL of Lumbricus balanced salt solution (LBSS) composed of 1.5 mM NaCl, 4.8 mM KCL, 27,28,24 The liquid medium in the tube was submitted to a 6 V current for 20-30 s using aluminium wires. 25 Following the electric shock, a higher turbidity was observed in the solution.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total number of cells and initial cell viability were determined by diluting 20 mL of cell suspension with 20 mL of 0.4% trypan blue (Sigma-Aldrich) and this cell suspension was placed into an improved Neubauer haemocytometer which was microscopically observed. 24,25 The phagocytosis assay…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 In fact, it has been shown that the exposure to mercury, cadmium or zinc was toxic and affected cell viability and phagocytosis. [23][24][25][26] In addition, Goven et al and Ville et al showed that the phagocytic competence was also inhibited by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 6,7 Thus, the suppression of the phagocytic activity or reduction of coelomocytes viability decreases animal resistance to infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on phagocytic response of Eisenia andrei coelomocytes

et al. 2011

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The immunotoxicological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) mixtures on Eisenia andrei earthworms have never been studied. In this work we investigated these effects both for in vitro and in vivo exposure, using the viability and the phagocytic activity of coelomocytes as immunological biomarkers and the flow cytometry was used for analysis. The in vitro exposure revealed a cytotoxic effect of PCDD/Fs mixture (C2) containing 50¥10 -3 ng/mL of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD and an induction of the phagocytic capacity at the mixture (C1) containing 25¥10 -3 ng/mL of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD. In the in vivo filter paper exposure, the immunocompetence of earthworms was assessed after 3 h-exposure to mixtures of PCDD/Fs at the levels of C1, C2, C3 and C4 containing about; 0.05, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.83 ng of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD/cm², respectively. Morphological observations showed an excessive secretion of mucus and body surface lesions in worms exposed to higher concentrations (C3 and C4), which revealed that these organisms were affected by PCDD/Fs either through skin and/or by feeding. The levels of the extruded cell yield decreased significantly at all the concentrations tested. However, the cell viability was shown to be unaffected by PCDD/Fs concentrations. It was also shown, that exposure to the highest PCDD/Fs concentrations; C2, C3 and C4 inhibited both phagocytic activity and efficiency.

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Phagocytic Response of Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates Following in Vitro Exposure to Trace Elements

Cited by 62 publications

References 11 publications

Cadmium-induced apoptosis in oyster hemocytes involves disturbance of cellular energy balance but no mitochondrial permeability transition

Cadmium-induced apoptosis in oyster hemocytes involves disturbance of cellular energy balance but no mitochondrial permeability transition

The cell cultures and the use of haemocytes from marine molluscs for ecotoxicology assessment

Effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on phagocytic response of Eisenia andrei coelomocytes

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