Phagocytic and Metabolic Activities of Macrophages from Mummichog Naturally Exposed to Pulp Mill Effluents in the Miramichi River

Fournier, Michel; Lacroix, A.; Voccia, Isabelle; Brousseau, Pauline

doi:10.1006/eesa.1997.1629

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Differences in the response to effluent between male and female fish have also been found for macrophage activity, whereby only female fish but not male trout showed increased production of reactive oxygen species. A similar observation has been described by Fournier et al (1998), who found that exposure of mummichogs (F. heteroclitus) to pulp mill effluent resulted in a decreased oxidative burst response in female fish only, but not in male fish. In general, female trout seemed to be more sensitive to effluent exposure than male fish in the study at hand.…”

Section: Rotorua District Council Personal Communication)supporting

confidence: 86%

Sex and low-level sampling stress modify the impacts of sewage effluent on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immune system

et al. 2005

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of chronic exposure to municipal sewage treatment effluent at environmentally relevant concentrations on immune parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), including the assessment of potential differences in reactivity between sexually mature male and female fish. Trout were exposed to 1.5 and 15% (v/v) secondary treated municipal sewage effluent for 32 weeks. Fish were injected intra-peritoneally either with inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida to simulate an infection or with PBS as control for this immune challenge 6 weeks prior to sampling. Exposure to effluent resulted in a decrease in A. salmonicida-specific serum antibody level and blood lymphocyte numbers in mature females, but not in male fish. Injection of A. salmonicida resulted in enhanced serum lysozyme activity in mature male trout, which were not exposed to effluent. This stimulating effect of A. salmonicida could not be found in effluent-exposed trout, again potentially revealing a suppressive effect of the effluent. An influence of sampling fish on two consecutive days was observed in many immune parameters, most likely reflecting handling stress. Leucocyte and lymphocyte numbers in peripheral blood were consistently lower in male and female fish on the second sampling day. Phagocytosis in head kidney macrophages from male trout was also influenced by sampling day, whereby a stimulation of this reaction occurred on the second day of sampling. Liver mixed function oxygenase activity was found to be enhanced in mature male trout exposed to 15% effluent. In conclusion, the study showed, that exposure to sewage treatment plant effluent, in surface water relevant concentrations, can lead to potentially adverse effects on selected immune reactions in rainbow trout. However, this study also demonstrated that both handling stress and the sex of mature fish have distinct influences on the immune response detected in male and female fish and are likely to influence measured immune parameters to the extent that subtle effluent induced changes may be difficult to detect.

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Section: Rotorua District Council Personal Communication)supporting

confidence: 86%

Sex and low-level sampling stress modify the impacts of sewage effluent on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immune system

et al. 2005

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“…Data for four broad classes of pollutant (total PCDDs and PCDFs, total chlorophenols, total PcBs, and total organic pesticides) were reduced using principal components analysis (PcA) after normalization (see Clarke and Warwick 2001), and the first and second Pc axis scores were retained. similarly, a previous study by Fournier et al (1998) yielded information on mummichog immune parameters (phagocytic activity and oxidative burst response in head kidney macrophages). these data were normalized and reduced using PCA, and the first PC axis score retained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…As part of a multidisciplinary effort to contrast the environmental status of the two rivers, a series of coordinated ecotoxicological studies examined a wide range of endpoints in mummichog from two sites in each river, collecting information on levels of individual contaminants in fish tissues, reproductive parameters, measures of immune function, and genetic effects. Mummichog from the site nearest the BKM had elevated tissue levels of chlorophenolic comNatural and anthropogenic factors shape metazoan parasite community structure in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) from two estuaries in New Brunswick, Canada Christopher A. Blanar 1 , David J. Marcogliese 1 and Catherine M. Couillard pounds, PCBs, DDT, and dibenzofurans; fish from this site also experienced a wide range of physiological disturbances, including signs of generalized stress, reproductive effects, altered immune function, and genetic effects (see Table 1; Couillard and Légaré 1994, Leblanc et al 1997, Fournier et al 1998, couillard et al 1999, couillard and Nellis 1999, Kirchoff et al 1999.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and anthropogenic factors shape metazoan parasite community structure in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) from two estuaries in New Brunswick, Canada

Blanar¹,

Marcogliese²,

Couillard³

2011

FOLIA PARASIT

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the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (L.) is abundant in euryhaline environments on the east coast of North America, ranging from the gulf of Mexico to the gulf of st. lawrence. it is a common prey item for several species of fishes and shorebirds, and is therefore a key component in intertidal food webs (Scott and Scott 1988). Mummichog are relatively long-lived, with a life span of up to five years, and are largely sedentary, feeding mainly on benthic invertebrates within a restricted home range. these traits make mummichog of potential interest as environmental indicators (e.g., see Finley et al. 2009). Between 1993 and 1995, populations of mummichog were extensively studied in two New Brunswick (canada) rivers putatively experiencing different levels of anthropogenic stress. the Miramichi river received secondary treatment effluent from a bleached kraft pulp mill (BKM), primary treated wastewater from a groundwood mill, effluent from a former wood-preserving plant, and municipal waste. conversely, the Bouctouche river, located approximately 90 km south of the Miramichi, was considered comparatively less polluted; however, it was still subject to non-point inputs of fertilizer and pesticides, as well as municipal effluents from the towns of Bouctouche and sainte-Marie, New Brunswick (Fig. 1). As part of a multidisciplinary effort to contrast the environmental status of the two rivers, a series of coordinated ecotoxicological studies examined a wide range of endpoints in mummichog from two sites in each river, collecting information on levels of individual contaminants in fish tissues, reproductive parameters, measures of immune function, and genetic effects. Mummichog from the site nearest the BKM had elevated tissue levels of chlorophenolic com- ) from a site on the Miramichi River that received bleached kraft pulpmill and municipal effluent. The present study reports differences in the abundance of individual parasite species, as well as parasite infracommunity and component community composition, in mummichog from both rivers. These differences were evaluated in relation to host (size, condition, immune function, tissue organochlorine contaminant levels) and environmental (faecal coliform counts, salinity, temperature) data derived from the previously published studies. Overall, 18 parasite species were identified, the most common of which were Ascocotyle sp. larv., Ornithodiplostomum sp. larv., Posthodiplostomum sp. larv., and Proteocephalus filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802). There were broad differences in parasite community structure and composition between rivers and within rivers, the most prominent pattern being a pronounced difference between sites in the upper and lower estuary of each river that was likely driven by salinity. Mean infracommunity richness was also positively related to faecal coliforms (considered here as a surrogate measure of eutrophication via municipal sewage), and both were highest at the most polluted site. We noted no other significant relationships. Thus our data suggest that the...

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“…However, some differences in the results between in vivo and in vitro exposures suggest modulation of certain immune parameters in vivo (Roszell and Anderson, 1993;Roszell and Anderson, 1994;Roszell and Anderson, 1996), or differences in the responses to the complex mixtures of contaminants present in the field (Kelly-Reay and Weeks-Perkins, 1994). Some of these seemingly contradicting results also might be explained by the influence of the endocrine system and circadian rhythm on the immune response (Nevid and Meier, 1995;Fournier et al, 1998;Rice and Xiang, 2000). These studies point to the need to consider these factors when using parameters of the killifish immune system as biomarkers of exposure to environmental stress.…”

Section: Effects On Immunocompetencementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Basic parameters of immune function, from phagocytosis and respiratory burst to antibody production, have been evaluated as biomarkers of environmental stress. In general, exposure to pollutants and other stressors led to a decrease in immune function (Fries, 1986;Faisal et al, 1991;Fournier et al, 1998;Baier-Anderson et al, 2000;Rice and Xiang, 2000;Boleza et al, 2001). However, some differences in the results between in vivo and in vitro exposures suggest modulation of certain immune parameters in vivo (Roszell and Anderson, 1993;Roszell and Anderson, 1994;Roszell and Anderson, 1996), or differences in the responses to the complex mixtures of contaminants present in the field (Kelly-Reay and Weeks-Perkins, 1994).…”

Section: Effects On Immunocompetencementioning

confidence: 99%

Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: Opportunities for new insights using genomics

Burnett

Bain

Baldwin

et al. 2007

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Pr

213

195

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A strong foundation of basic and applied research documents that the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus and related species are unique laboratory and field models for understanding how individuals and populations interact with their environment. In this paper we summarize an extensive body of work examining the adaptive responses of Fundulus species to environmental conditions, and describe how this research has contributed importantly to our understanding of physiology, gene regulation, toxicology, and ecological and evolutionary genetics of teleosts and other vertebrates. These explorations have reached a critical juncture at which advancement is hindered by the lack of genomic resources for these species. We suggest that a more complete genomics toolbox for F. heteroclitus and related species will permit researchers to exploit the power of this model organism to rapidly advance our understanding of fundamental biological and pathological mechanisms among vertebrates, as well as ecological strategies and evolutionary processes common to all living organisms.

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Phagocytic and Metabolic Activities of Macrophages from Mummichog Naturally Exposed to Pulp Mill Effluents in the Miramichi River

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Sex and low-level sampling stress modify the impacts of sewage effluent on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immune system

Sex and low-level sampling stress modify the impacts of sewage effluent on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immune system

Natural and anthropogenic factors shape metazoan parasite community structure in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) from two estuaries in New Brunswick, Canada

Fundulus as the premier teleost model in environmental biology: Opportunities for new insights using genomics

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