Phagocyte-specific S100A8/A9 Protein Levels During Disease Exacerbations and Infections in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract

Serum levels of S100A8/A9 are significantly raised in SLE versus pSS patients and healthy controls and can be correlated to a disease activity index. S100A8/A9 is a more relevant marker of infection in SLE patients.

A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB (ABIN1) controls Toll-like receptor-mediated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β activation and protects from inflammatory disease

“…INOS regulates the production of cytotoxic NO, which are essential for defense against intracellular pathogens but also can promote host tissue damage if produced at exaggerated levels (38,39). S100A8, a protein whose serum levels correlate with SLE disease activity (40), has been demonstrated to trigger inflammation through direct binding of the TLR4/MD2 complex, a process shown to amplify other innate immune cell activation signals (e.g., LPS stimulation) (41). Based on these and other observations we propose a model for inflammatory disease development in which a low level of TLR stimulation (e.g., through TLR agonists released upon minor tissue injuries or through commensal bacteria) leads to increased production of described C/EBPβ-target genes.…”

Serum Calprotectin as a Non-invasive Diagnostic Marker for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Egyptian Cirrhotic Patients

“…Also, Burri et al (6) , Abdel-Razik et al (18) , and Ali et al (23) , found that ascitic calprotectin levels were correlated well and reliably with ascitic PMNL counts, and the samples with PMNL > 250/μL also had higher ascitic calprotectin levels than the samples with PMNL ≤ 250/μL in their studies. The correlation between high serum & ascitic calprotectin with high ascitic TLC and PMNL levels can be explained by the study of Soyfoo et al (9) , who denoted that calprotectin presence in body fluids is proportional to the influx of neutrophils. In our study, there was a significant positive correlation between serum calprotectin and CRP, and this result is in agreement with Rizk et al (26) .…”

“…On the other hand, a low ascitic PMNL count (<250/mm 3 ) with positive culture can also occur in another SBP variant called monomicrobial non-neutrocytic bacterascites (7) . Calprotectin is an abundant, calcium-and zincbinding protein found mainly in neutrophils (8) , and its presence in body fluids is proportional to the influx of neutrophils (9) . It is an acute phase inflammatory reaction protein which exerts regulatory, antimicrobial and anti-proliferative functions.…”

Systemic lupus erythematosus and infections: Clinical importance of conventional and upcoming biomarkers

“…Phagocyte-specific S100A8/A9 protein levels have also been under investigation [12,49]. High levels of S100A8/A9 were found in some inflammatory diseases as rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and they correlate with active stages of the diseases [49,50] Soyfoo and co-workers [49] investigated the level of this marker in SLE patients.…”

“…High levels of S100A8/A9 were found in some inflammatory diseases as rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and they correlate with active stages of the diseases [49,50] Soyfoo and co-workers [49] investigated the level of this marker in SLE patients. They reported that serum levels of S100A8/A9 were are significantly raised in SLE versus primary Sjogren's Syndrome patients and healthy controls and could be correlated to a disease activity index (SLEDAI).…”