Phage therapy in the Covid-19 era: Advantages over antibiotics

Khan, Atif; Toleti, Subba Rao; Joshi, Hiren

doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100115

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…In comparison to traditional antibiotics, phage therapy offers several advantages. Firstly, there is an abundance and wide distribution of bacteriophages in nature, estimated at around 10 ( Gupta and Sharma, 2022 ) types ( Comeau et al., 2008 ; Khan et al., 2022 ), allowing for rapid and cost-effective screening, unlike the development of new antibiotics. Secondly, phages exhibit a remarkable level of specificity towards bacterial infections, selectively targeting the infecting bacteria without harming other bacterial species, unlike broad-spectrum antibiotics that can disrupt the balance of microbial flora ( Langdon et al., 2016 ; Gordillo Altamirano Fernando and Barr Jeremy, 2019 ).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Phage Action and Advantages Of Phage Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage therapy for drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections

Liu,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus stands as a prominent pathogen in nosocomial and community-acquired infections, capable of inciting various infections at different sites in patients. This includes Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SaB), which exhibits a severe infection frequently associated with significant mortality rate of approximately 25%. In the absence of better alternative therapies, antibiotics is still the main approach for treating infections. However, excessive use of antibiotics has, in turn, led to an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Hence, it is imperative that new strategies are developed to control drug-resistant S. aureus infections. Bacteriophages are viruses with the ability to infect bacteria. Bacteriophages, were used to treat bacterial infections before the advent of antibiotics, but were subsequently replaced by antibiotics due to limited theoretical understanding and inefficient preparation processes at the time. Recently, phages have attracted the attention of many researchers again because of the serious problem of antibiotic resistance. This article provides a comprehensive overview of phage biology, animal models, diverse clinical case treatments, and clinical trials in the context of drug-resistant S. aureus phage therapy. It also assesses the strengths and limitations of phage therapy and outlines the future prospects and research directions. This review is expected to offer valuable insights for researchers engaged in phage-based treatments for drug-resistant S. aureus infections.

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Section: Mechanism Of Phage Action and Advantages Of Phage Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage therapy for drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections

Liu,

Wang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…All of these studies have shown that phages as delivery vectors are promising against known and emerging viral infections. Phages are not pathogenic to humans, with negligible reports of infection, and have a potential adjuvant capacity to stimulate the eukaryotic immune system [ 215 ]. It is a unique nanoparticles platform that can be used to prepare multivalent vaccines against high-risk pathogens in order to quickly produce viable antibodies against any plague or pandemic in the future [ 216 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Phage-based Delivery Systems In Disease Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage-based delivery systems: engineering, applications, and challenges in nanomedicines

Wang,

Yang,

et al. 2024

J Nanobiotechnol

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Bacteriophages (phages) represent a unique category of viruses with a remarkable ability to selectively infect host bacteria, characterized by their assembly from proteins and nucleic acids. Leveraging their exceptional biological properties and modifiable characteristics, phages emerge as innovative, safe, and efficient delivery vectors. The potential drawbacks associated with conventional nanocarriers in the realms of drug and gene delivery include a lack of cell-specific targeting, cytotoxicity, and diminished in vivo transfection efficiency. In contrast, engineered phages, when employed as cargo delivery vectors, hold the promise to surmount these limitations and attain enhanced delivery efficacy. This review comprehensively outlines current strategies for the engineering of phages, delineates the principal types of phages utilized as nanocarriers in drug and gene delivery, and explores the application of phage-based delivery systems in disease therapy. Additionally, an incisive analysis is provided, critically examining the challenges confronted by phage-based delivery systems within the domain of nanotechnology. The primary objective of this article is to furnish a theoretical reference that contributes to the reasoned design and development of potent phage-based delivery systems. Graphical abstract

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“…During the lytic cycle, the phage uses the cellular machinery to yield as many as 20,000 new virions per infected bacterial cell in optimal conditions [ 68 ]. These phages secrete lytic enzymes (endolysins) that hydrolyze the bacterial cell wall to ensure phage release [ 77 , 78 ]. Since then, it has become clear that phage therapy and the application of its endolysins offer the possibility to apply more specific antibacterial treatments and propose a potential solution to the problem of antibiotic resistance [ 79 ].…”

Section: Phage Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives Therapeutic Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics: Advantages, Limitations and Potential Application in Medicine

et al. 2022

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Resistance to antimicrobials and particularly multidrug resistance is one of the greatest challenges in the health system nowadays. The continual increase in the rates of antimicrobial resistance worldwide boosted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major public health threat. Different approaches have been employed to minimize the effect of resistance and control this threat, but the question still lingers as to their safety and efficiency. In this context, new anti-infectious approaches against multidrug resistance are being examined. Use of new antibiotics and their combination with new β-lactamase inhibitors, phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and antisense antimicrobial therapeutics are considered as one such promising approach for overcoming bacterial resistance. In this review, we provide insights into these emerging alternative therapies that are currently being evaluated and which may be developed in the future to break the progression of antimicrobial resistance. We focus on their advantages and limitations and potential application in medicine. We further highlight the importance of the combination therapy approach, wherein two or more therapies are used in combination in order to more effectively combat infectious disease and increasing access to quality healthcare. These advances could give an alternate solution to overcome antimicrobial drug resistance. We eventually hope to provide useful information for clinicians who are seeking solutions to the problems caused by antimicrobial resistance.

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Phage therapy in the Covid-19 era: Advantages over antibiotics

Cited by 9 publications

References 79 publications

Bacteriophage therapy for drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections

Bacteriophage therapy for drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections

Phage-based delivery systems: engineering, applications, and challenges in nanomedicines

Alternatives Therapeutic Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics: Advantages, Limitations and Potential Application in Medicine

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