Phage Adsorption and Cell Adherence Are Motility-dependent Characteristics of the Gliding Bacterium Cytophaga johnsonae

Wolkin, Richard H.; Pate, Jack L.

doi:10.1099/00221287-132-2-355

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bacteriophage resistance of gld mutants. Many nonmotile mutants of F. johnsoniae are resistant to infection by F. johnsoniae bacteriophages (51). The sensitivity of wild-type and gld mutant cells to bacteriophages was tested.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavobacterium johnsoniaeGliding Motility Genes Identified bymarinerMutagenesis

et al. 2005

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Cells of Flavobacterium johnsoniae glide rapidly over surfaces. The mechanism of F. johnsoniae gliding motility is not known. Eight gld genes required for gliding motility have been described. Disruption of any of these genes results in complete loss of gliding motility, deficiency in chitin utilization, and resistance to bacteriophages that infect wild-type cells. Two modified mariner transposons, HimarEm1 and HimarEm2, were constructed to allow the identification of additional motility genes. HimarEm1 and HimarEm2 each transposed in F. johnsoniae, and nonmotile mutants were identified and analyzed. Four novel motility genes, gldK, gldL, gldM, and gldN, were identified. GldK is similar in sequence to the lipoprotein GldJ, which is required for gliding. GldL, GldM, and GldN are not similar in sequence to proteins of known function. Cells with mutations in gldK, gldL, gldM, and gldN were defective in motility and chitin utilization and were resistant to bacteriophages that infect wild-type cells. Introduction of gldA, gldB, gldD, gldFG, gldH, gldI, and gldJ and the region spanning gldK, gldL, gldM, and gldN individually into 50 spontaneous and chemically induced nonmotile mutants restored motility to each of them, suggesting that few additional F. johnsoniae gld genes remain to be identified.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavobacterium johnsoniaeGliding Motility Genes Identified bymarinerMutagenesis

et al. 2005

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“…Mutant 21 has been described previously (2,6). Bacteriophage 54 (kindly provided by Jack Pate) has been described previously (13). All The minimal liquid medium contained 10 mM KNO3, 7 mM K2HPO4, 250 ,uM Na2SO4, and 1% (vol/vol) mineral base (5) (except that all the sulfate salts were replaced with equimolar amounts of their chloride or nitrate counterparts so that the mineral base was sulfur free).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that this motility is reflected in the ability to move polystyrene-latex beads over the cell surface (9,10), since mutants lacking this trait are all nongliding (13). The adsorption of bacteriophages that infect the parent strain was reported to be motility dependent (13). The parent strain was sensitive to these phages, while the nongliding mutants were resistant because of failure of the phages to adsorb to the mutants' cell surfaces (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Motility in this organism has been correlated phenomenologically with other characteristics of the bacterium. It has been reported that this motility is reflected in the ability to move polystyrene-latex beads over the cell surface (9,10), since mutants lacking this trait are all nongliding (13). The adsorption of bacteriophages that infect the parent strain was reported to be motility dependent (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Temporal sequence of the recovery of traits during phenotypic curing of a Cytophaga johnsonae motility mutant

1991

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The lack of cell translocation and the resulting formation of nonspreading colonies of mutants of the gram-negative gliding bacterium Cytophagajohnsonae have been correlated with the loss of cell surface features of the organism. These cell surface traits include the ability to move polystyrene-latex beads over the cell surface and the ability to be infected by bacteriophages that infect the parent strain. In order to assess whether these traits reflect structures or functions that actually play a role in gliding, we studied a mutant (21A21) selected for its inability to form spreading colonies; it is deficient in sulfonolipid, lacks bead movement ability, and is resistant to at least one bacteriophage. The provision of cysteate (a specific sulfonolipid precursor) restores lipid content and gliding to the mutant; hence, the lipids are necessary for motility. Growth with cysteate also restores bead movement and phage sensitivity. In order to determine the temporal relationship of these traits, we undertook a kinetic study of the appearance of them after addition of cysteate to the mutant. One predicts that appearance of a trait essential for cell translocation will either precede or accompany the appearance of this ability, while a nonessential trait need not do so. Sulfonolipid synthesis was the only trait that appeared before gliding; this is consistent with its established importance for motility. Bead movement and phage sensitivity first appeared only after gliding started, suggesting that the machinery involved in those processes is not necessary, at least for the initiation of gliding.

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“…It seemed possible then, that acetate might be acting in a similar manner in this bacterium and so lead to a decrease in the energy supply of the cells. The protonmotive force is regarded as the source of energy for gliding (and, presumably, bead movement) (Duxbury et al, 1980;Pate & Chang, 1979;Ridgway, 1977;Wolkin & Pate, 1986). If the effects of acetate were a result of diminishing the electrochemical gradient of protons across the membrane, the ability of cells to glide (and colonies to spread) could be affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetate acts as a protonophore and differentially affects bead movement and cell migration of the gliding bacterium Cytophaga johnsonae (Flavobacterium johnsoniae)

1997

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Cells of Cytophaga johnsonae (now Hawobacterium johnsoniae) are able to translocate on solid surfaces but are unable to swim in liquid media. Organelles that may be involved in this gliding motility have not been detected, and the mechanism(s) responsible remains unknown. The movement of latex beads attached to the cell surface is considered by some to be a manifestation of the gliding machinery. In this study, acetate (in nutrient-level quantity, 45 mM) was found to inhibit bead movement on cell surfaces, whilst formation and movement of groups of cells (rafts) and typical colony spread were not affected; generation time (in liquid culture) was only slightly increased. Since acetate is a weak acid and is recognized as a protonophore, various electron-transport-associated features were assessed in an effort to understand the differential effects of acetate on bead movement and cell motility. Selected protonophores and electron transport inhibitors were tested to compare their effects on cell translocation and metabolic activities with those of acetate. Although 0 , consumption was not significantly affected in the presence of acetate and the protonmotive force decreased only minimally, ATP levels were markedly decreased. Arsenate and cyanide were also shown to inhibit bead movement but did not inhibit either movement of rafts of cells or colony spreading. Cyanide lowered 0, consumption, while arsenate did not; both compounds effected substantial decreases in cellular ATP content, but little or no decrease in protonmotive force. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on bead movement over cell surfaces contrasted with the continued ability of cells to form rafts, to glide and to form spreading colonies and led to the conclusion that bead movement is not a complete correlate of the gliding machinery of C. johnsonae. In addition, it seems likely that bead movement is more affected by the level of cellular ATP than it is b y the protonmotive force, which has been assumed to provide the energy (derived from the transmembrane gradients) for the gliding machinery.

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Phage Adsorption and Cell Adherence Are Motility-dependent Characteristics of the Gliding Bacterium Cytophaga johnsonae

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Flavobacterium johnsoniaeGliding Motility Genes Identified bymarinerMutagenesis

Flavobacterium johnsoniaeGliding Motility Genes Identified bymarinerMutagenesis

Temporal sequence of the recovery of traits during phenotypic curing of a Cytophaga johnsonae motility mutant

Acetate acts as a protonophore and differentially affects bead movement and cell migration of the gliding bacterium Cytophaga johnsonae (Flavobacterium johnsoniae)

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