Magnetic
Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) are often used
to design agents enhancing contrast in magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) that can be considered as one of the efficient methods for cancer
diagnostics. At present, increasing the specificity of the MRI contrast
agent accumulation in tumor tissues remains an open question and attracts
the attention of a wide range of researchers. One of the modern methods
for enhancing the efficiency of contrast agents is the use of molecules
for tumor acidic microenvironment targeting, for example, pH-low insertion
peptide (pHLIP). We designed novel organosilicon MNPs covered with
poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and covalently modified by pHLIP. To study
the specific features of the binding of pHLIP-modified MNPs to cells,
we also obtained nanoconjugates with Cy5 fluorescent dye embedded
in the SiO2 shell. The nanoconjugates obtained were characterized
by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), attenuated total reflection
(ATR), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy
(DRIFTS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV and fluorescence spectrometry,
thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), CHN elemental analyses, and vibrating
sample magnetometry. Low cytotoxicity and high specificity of cellular
uptake of pHLIP-modified MNPs at pH 6.4 versus 7.4 (up to 23-fold)
were demonstrated in vitro. The dynamics of the nanoconjugate accumulation
in the 4T1 breast cancer orthotopically grown in BALB/c mice and MDA-MB231
xenografts was evaluated in MRI experiments. Biodistribution and biocompatibility
studies of the obtained nanoconjugate showed no pathological change
in organs and in the blood biochemical parameters of mice after MNP
administration. A high accumulation rate of pHLIP-modified MNPs in
tumor compared with PEGylated MNPs after their intravenous administration
was demonstrated. Thus, we propose a promising approach to design
an MRI agent with the tumor acidic microenvironment targeting ability.