pH responsive antifouling and antibacterial multilayer films with Self-healing performance

Recently Emerging Nanotechnological Advancements in Polymer Nanocomposite Coatings for Anti-corrosion, Anti-fouling and Self-healing

“…Biofouling adversely and severly impacts on the hydrodynamics of ships hull through escalation of the basic propulsive power, which in turn affect the degree of fuel consumption thereby increasing cost of maintenance [84] . The 2001 prohibition of tributyltin (TBT), a self-polishing copolymeric coating by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), as a result of environmental challenges, and its subsequent replacement with ecobenign anti-fouling coatings, impacted progressively on anti-fouling coatings [ 85 , 86 ].…”

“…Marine engineered architectures including oceanographic-sensors, ships, platforms, heat-exchangers, offshore rigs, jetties and so on, are under consistent attack from marine organisms. For instance, it has been demonstrated that high biofouling agglomerates exhibited by a ship hull is capable of causing 86% penalties at moderate cruising speed [86] . Also, low fouling caused by diatom ‘slimes’ can incur a 10–16% penalty.…”

“…Hence, speed maintenance becomes difficult with high fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission, where there is lack of appropriate anti-fouling (AF) regulations [86] . Biofouling development on architectural structures submerged in aquatic environment is an intricate procedure as schematically elucidated in Figure 10 , comprising mostly of initial formation of biofilm, containing microbes and micro-algae, and subsequent agglomeration of algal-spores and invertebrate-larvae [84] , [85] , [86] . Biofouling agglomeration onmarine based architectures is composed of millions of marine organisms includingalgae, phyto-plankton, bacteria, ascidians, fungi, barnacles, polychaetes, and molluscsas represented in Figure 11 .…”

Preparation of Microcapsules Coating and the Study of Their Bionic Anti-Fouling Performance

“…Micro-nano anti-fouling coatings are currently a good direction for researchers exploring bionic anti-fouling paints [15][16][17][18]. This type of coating has a micro-nano structure that is generated at the surface by engraving or micro-electroforming methods to directly replicate biological surface morphologies [19][20][21].…”

“…At the same time, to improve the anti-fouling performance, a non-toxic anti-fouling agent is encapsulated in the microcapsules with the silicone oil. Capsaicin, which is extracted from natural peppers and does not destroy the biological chain, can be used as a marine anti-fouling agent to kill plant spores and animal larvae attached to the outer surface of a ship and has be widely used in the field of anti-fouling materials [17,32]. Its irritating spicy flavor can also produce a series of physiological reactions and repellent effects on mammals, including humans and some pests.…”