pH-Regulated Mechanisms Account for Pigment-Type Differences in Epidermal Barrier Function

Gunathilake, Roshan; Schürer, Nanna; Shoo, Brenda A.; Celli, Anna; Hachem, Jean-Pierre; Crumrine, Debra; Sirimanna, Ganga; Feingold, Kenneth R.; Mauro, Theodora M.; Elias, Peter M.

doi:10.1038/jid.2008.442

Cited by 131 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In addition, patients with pigmented skin have a reduced risk for melanoma [65,66] . Recent studies have demonstrated that SC function is also influenced by pigmentation [42] . Although the present study does not show a difference in basal TEWL between vitiligo-involved and uninvolved sites, we have found that barrier recovery is significantly delayed in vitiligo-involved sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, sodium/hydrogen (Na + /H + ) exchangers, key regulators of pH [39] , are expressed on melanocytes and colocalize with melanosomes; melanosomes are also acidic [40,41] . Recent studies have demonstrated that the skin surface pH is lower in darker-than in lighter-skinned individuals [42] . Thirdly, alterations in keratinocyte proliferation have been observed in vitiligo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidermal Permeability Barrier Recovery Is Delayed in Vitiligo-Involved Sites

Liu¹,

Man

Lv³

et al. 2010

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background/Objectives: Prior studies have demonstrated that both the skin surface pH and epidermal permeability barrier function vary with skin pigmentation types. Although melanin deficiency is the main feature of vitiligo, alterations in cutaneous biophysical properties in vitiligo have not yet been well defined. In the present study, stratum corneum (SC) hydration, the skin surface pH and epidermal permeability barrier function in vitiligo were evaluated. Methods: A total of 30 volunteers with vitiligo comprising 19 males and 11 females aged 13–51 years (mean age: 27.91 ± 2.06 years) were enrolled in this study. The skin surface pH, SC hydration, melanin/erythema index and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured by respective probes connected to a Courage-Khazaka MPA5. SC integrity was determined by measuring the TEWL following each D-Squame application. The barrier recovery rate was assessed at 5 h following barrier disruption by repeated tape stripping. Results: In addition to SC hydration, both melanin and erythema index were significantly lower in vitiligo lesions than in contralateral, nonlesional sites, while no difference in skin surface pH between vitiligo-involved and uninvolved areas was observed. In addition, neither the basal TEWL nor SC integrity in the involved areas differed significantly from that in the uninvolved areas. However, barrier recovery in vitiligo-involved sites was significantly delayed in comparison with uninvolved sites (40.83 ± 5.39% vs. 58.30 ± 4.71%; t = 2.441; p < 0.02). Conclusion: Barrier recovery following tape stripping of the SC is delayed in vitiligo. Therefore, improvement in epidermal permeability barrier function may be an important unrecognized factor to be considered in treating patients with vitiligo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal Permeability Barrier Recovery Is Delayed in Vitiligo-Involved Sites

Liu¹,

Man

Lv³

et al. 2010

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…While humid and dry HEEs show similar morphology at the light microscopy level, dry HEEs display a marked increase in the CD density in the SC compactum, as visualized by its ultrastructure. Since there is a direct relationship between number of CD and the strength of CC cohesion, [37][38][39] the increased CD density in dry HEEs likely reflects a more cohesive SC. It is interesting to note that the CC density in the dry HEEs approaches the density found in normal human SC (24.7% vs. *20%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lowered Humidity Produces Human Epidermal Equivalents with Enhanced Barrier Properties

Sun

Celli

Crumrine

et al. 2015

Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods

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Multilayered human keratinocyte cultures increasingly are used to model human epidermis. Until now, studies utilizing human epidermal equivalents (HEEs) have been limited because previous preparations do not establish a normal epidermal permeability barrier. In this report, we show that reducing environmental humidity to 50% relative humidity yields HEEs that closely match human postnatal epidermis and have enhanced repair of the permeability barrier. These cultures display low transepidermal water loss and possess a calcium and pH gradient that resembles those seen in human epidermis. These cultures upregulate glucosylceramide synthase and make normal-appearing lipid lamellar bilayers. The epidermal permeability barrier of these cultures can be perturbed, using the identical tools previously described for human skin, and recover in the same time course seen during in vivo barrier recovery. These cultures will be useful for basic and applied studies on epidermal barrier function.

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“…In addition, it could provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between the epidermal barrier function and skin pigmentation. 1,2 The nature and distribution of melanin in the epidermis plays an important role in determining human skin color. After being synthesized in melanocytes, melanin is transferred into neighboring keratinocytes as membrane-bound vesicles termed melanosomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of multiphoton tomography and fluorescence lifetime imaging to investigate skin pigmentationin vivo

et al. 2013

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Abstract. There is a growing body of literature showing the usefulness of multiphoton tomography (MPT) and fluorescence lifetime imaging for in situ characterization of skin constituents and the ensuing development of noninvasive diagnostic tools against skin diseases. Melanin and pigmentation-associated skin cancers constitute some of the major applications. We show that MPT and fluorescence lifetime imaging can be used to measure changes in cutaneous melanin concentration and that these can be related to the visible skin color. Melanin in the skin of African, Indian, Caucasian, and Asian volunteers is detected on the basis of its emission wavelength and fluorescence lifetimes in solution and in a melanocyte-keratinocyte cell culture. Fluorescence intensity is used to characterize the melanin content and distribution as a function of skin type and depth into the skin (stratum granulosum and stratum basale). The measured fluorescence intensities in given skin types agree with melanin amounts reported by others using biopsies. Our results suggest that spatial distribution of melanin in skin can be studied using MPT and fluorescence lifetime imaging, but further studies are needed to ascertain that the method can resolve melanin amount in smaller depth intervals.

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pH-Regulated Mechanisms Account for Pigment-Type Differences in Epidermal Barrier Function

Cited by 131 publications

References 47 publications

Epidermal Permeability Barrier Recovery Is Delayed in Vitiligo-Involved Sites

Epidermal Permeability Barrier Recovery Is Delayed in Vitiligo-Involved Sites

Lowered Humidity Produces Human Epidermal Equivalents with Enhanced Barrier Properties

Use of multiphoton tomography and fluorescence lifetime imaging to investigate skin pigmentationin vivo

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