Ph-Positive B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Occurring after Receipt of Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Booster: A Case Report

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a universal emergency public health issue. A large proportion of the world’s population has had several spike antigen exposures to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and/or COVID-19 vaccinations in a relatively short-term period. Although sporadic hematopoietic adverse events after COVID-19 vaccine inoculation were reported, there is currently no sufficient evidence correlating anti-spike protein immune responses and hematopoietic adverse events of vaccinations. We reported the first case of Ph-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurring after a bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine inoculation. The otherwise healthy 43-year-old female patient had a total of six spike antigen exposures in the past 1.5 years. Informative pre-vaccine tests and bone marrow study results were provided. Although the causal relationship between bivalent vaccinations and the subsequent development of Ph–positive B-cell ALL cannot be determined in the case report, we propose that anti-spike protein immune responses could be a trigger for leukemia. Clinicians must investigate the hematopoietic adverse events closely after COVID-19 vaccinations. Further pre-clinical studies to investigate the safety of bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine are required.

A Case Report of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)/Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (LBL) Following the Second Dose of Comirnaty®: An Analysis of the Potential Pathogenic Mechanism Based on of the Existing Literature

“…The development and widespread use of modRNA vaccines have raised significant concerns globally, leading to adverse events and complications in both healthy individuals and those with preexisting conditions. Reports of increased cases of a variety of cancers [18], including highly aggressive cancers, termed "Turbo Cancer" [20] and the unexpected recurrence of cancers after decades of remission, have been independently noted by oncology experts and researchers worldwide, with several publications supporting these observations [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Understanding the mechanisms behind the carcinogenic effects of the modRNA COVID-19 vaccines is crucial.…”

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and the Multi-Hit Hypothesis of Oncogenesis

“…While clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines overlooked patients with cancer [11][12][13][14][15], the assumption is that those with a compromised immune system are at higher risk for severe disease, so getting even some protection from the vaccine is better than no protection. However, a growing body of evidence [16][17][18][19][20][21] suggests that some individuals with active or prior cancer experienced disease exacerbation following COVID-19 vaccination. Reports registered in the Vaccine Adverse Effects Report System (VAERS) [22], a national self-reporting vaccine safety surveillance system comanaged by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), also revealed a noncausal association between COVID-19 vaccination (namely, mRNA-based vaccines) and cancer, relative to other vaccines [23].…”

Editorial for the Special Issue “Emergency Medicine and Emergency Room Medical Issues II”

“…The management of emergency rooms during the outbreak changed all around the world, such as the management of acute appendicitis during and before the COVID-19 pandemic [1], rather than the management of pediatric [2] and adult emergencies such as hypoxemic respiratory failure during SARS-CoV-2 infection [3]. Additionally, emergency departments adapted their activities to identify and manage the severe complications of vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2, such as vaccine-induced ph-positive B-Cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia occurring after receipt of the bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine booster [4].…”