pH-dependent kinetics of copper ions binding to amyloid-β peptide

Amyloid-β peptide (1–42) aggregation induced by copper ions under acidic conditions

“…The morphology of Ab aggregates in the presence of Cu 21 at a pH close to the isoelectric point of Ab The morphology of Ab aggregates in the absence or presence of Cu 2þ was studied at pH 5, which is close to the isoelectric point of Ab ( pI 5.5) [23]. A few Ab oligomers appeared at the beginning of the incubation in Ab solutions with Cu 2þ [ Fig …”

“…The physiological pH in the brain could decrease during the brain injury period, and the lower pH promotes the formation of toxic Ab aggregates and the process of apoptosis [21]. Therefore, the effects of pH, Cu 2þ , and temperature on the Ab aggregation provide the information for the research of therapeutic strategies against AD.…”

“…All other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, USA), unless otherwise stated. To ensure no substantial aggregation occurred and get rid of any aggregate in the solution, Ab samples were routinely prepared using our previously described method [21]. The Ab solution was freshly prepared by dissolving sample in 5 mM NaOH to a final concentration of 0.25 mM.…”

Metal complexes of amino acids and peptides

“…206 The ultimate goal of these studies is to find the appropriate treatment of AD and the involvement of metal complexes and chelating agents in these studies was also surveyed. 235 In contrast to many studies showing the pro-oxidative nature of amyloid peptides the antioxidant role of these peptides has also been demonstrated. The influence of metal ions on the aggregation of Ab was in the center of many studies revealing high number of different external factors affecting aggregation.…”

‘From past to future’ – deciphering the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease through the pages of the Journal of Neurochemistry

“…Such a high value indicated that trace levels of metals, for instance as contaminants in buffers or leached from plasticware or glassware, would markedly impact upon Ab aggregation. However, the exact affinity value has been disputed with other studies suggesting a value in the picomolar (Sarell et al 2009) or nanomolar (Bin et al 2013;Tougu et al 2009) range. These differences in calculated affinities highlight a problem for the field and reflect how Ab is a difficult peptide to work with.…”