Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects more people worldwide
than
just aging alone can explain. This is likely due to environmental
influences, genetic makeup, and changes in daily habits. The disease
develops in a complex way, with movement problems caused by Lewy bodies
and the loss of dopamine-producing neurons. Some research suggests
Lewy bodies might start in the gut, hinting at a connection between
these structures and gut health in PD patients. These patients often
have different gut bacteria and metabolites. Pesticides are known
to increase the risk of PD, with evidence showing they harm more than
just dopamine neurons. Long-term exposure to pesticides in food might
affect the gut barrier, gut bacteria, and the blood–brain barrier,
but the exact link is still unknown. This review looks at how pesticides
and gut bacteria separately influence PD development and progression,
highlighting the harmful effects of pesticides and changes in gut
bacteria. We have examined the interaction between pesticides and
gut bacteria in PD patients, summarizing how pesticides cause imbalances
in gut bacteria, the resulting changes, and their overall effects
on the PD prognosis.