pH Dependence of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Iontronic Transport

Seitanidou, Maria; Franco-González, Juan Felipe; Sjöström, Theresia Arbring; Zozoulenko, Igor; Berggren, Magnus; Simon, Daniel T.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05218

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The steady‐state current (10 000 s) for SA delivery was slightly higher than for ASA ( Figure A). The ionic conductivity depends on the mobility characteristics of the molecules . However, the size and the diffusion coefficient had similar values for ASA and SA (diffusion coefficient = 10 −6 cm 2 s −1 ) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Modulating Inflammation in Monocytes Using Capillary Fiber Organic Electronic Ion Pumps

Seitanidou

Blomgran

Pushpamithran

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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techniques. [5,6] This technology can serve as an efficient tool for an application such as biosensing, [7][8][9] electrophysiological recording, [10] and drug delivery. [11][12][13] Organic electronic ion pumps (OEIPs) are a primary example of organic bioelectronics combining electronic and ionic properties of organic electronics materials [14][15][16] to enable release, via electronic addressing, of ionic-biochemical signals for biological applications. OEIPs operate as an "iontronic" resistors [17][18][19] and can be used to electrophoretically deliver charged species through a cation or anion exchange membrane (AEM), resulting in high spatiotemporal delivery resolution and high dosage precision (one electron per delivered monovalent ion). [14] In recent years, these electrophoretic delivery devices have been used to trigger cell signaling in vitro, [1,20] to control epileptiform activity in brain slice models, [21][22][23] to effect sensory function in vivo, [19] to suppress pain sensation in awake animals, [17] and to modulate plant physiology. [24,25] OEIP devices based on glass capillary fibers offer several design advantages for use in freestanding or implantable geometries. OEIPs fiber capillaries, in contrast to planar OEIPs devices, provide less water uptake inside the channel providing a large ion-transport cross-section with high ionic conductivity, which allows transport of relatively large ions such as drugs and neurotransmitters. [26,27] These devices can furthermore be more easily implanted or located in proximity to targeted cells, tissues, or organs.In the present work, we demonstrate OEIPs based on glass capillary fibers that are filled with a polyelectrolyte (polycationic AEM). The AEM is characterized by a high concentration of fixed positive charges that allows for the selective transport of negative ions while blocking coions from drifting in the opposite direction. Nonfixed mobile ions with the same charge with the fixed charges of ion exchange membrane are referred to as coions while ions with opposite charge are referred to as counterions. The permselectivity, according to Donnan exclusion, holds if the ionic concentrations in the adjacent electrolytes are considerably lower than the fixed charge concentration of the AEM. [28] The potential gradient, and associated current through the OEIPs fiber capillaries, is established by applying a potential difference between electrodes (Ag/AgCl) applied in the source and target solutions. [27] The polarizable electrodes in this An organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) delivers ions and drugs from a source, through a charge selective membrane, to a target upon an electric bias. Miniaturization of this technology is crucial and will provide several advantages, ranging from better spatiotemporal control of delivery to reduced invasiveness for implanted OEIPs. To miniaturize OEIPs, new configurations have been developed based on glass capillary fibers filled with an anion exchange membrane (AEM). Fiber capillary OEIPs can be easily implanted in proximi...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Modulating Inflammation in Monocytes Using Capillary Fiber Organic Electronic Ion Pumps

Seitanidou

Blomgran

Pushpamithran

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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show abstract

“…Additionally, the effective pore size and distribution play important roles in determining a given ion's mobility in the hydrated IEM. To date, this trade‐off points toward a balance of selectivity and mobility of metal ions and charged biomolecules less than ≈200 g mol −1 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects have been investigated by measuring transport at different pH and combining the results with molecular dynamics simulations. For GABA, the optimal pH was calculated, and verified experimentally, to be at pH 3 …”

Section: Iontronic Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade of Iontronic Delivery Devices

Sjöström

Berggren

Gabrielsson

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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112

102

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comprises materials and devices that can fulfill just this dual ionic-electronic capability. Iontronics utilize the coupling of electrical and ionic signals in conducing polymers, leading to, for example, organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), [2] electrolyte-gated (also known as electric doublelayer capacitor-gated) organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs), [3,4] organic electrochemical biosensors, [5,6] and iontronic delivery electrodes and devices. [7][8][9][10][11] In iontronic delivery devices (Figure 1), chemical gradients are created by controlled release of charged biomolecules (ions) at specific locations at specific times. [7,8,12] Ions are transported to these release sites through ionic conductors due to applied electric fields between electrodes. The ionic conductors form the foundation of iontronic resistors (organic electronic ion pumps, OEIPs), diodes, and transistors which can be combined into circuits for, for example, multiplexing, addressing, and signal processing. These iontronic circuits behave analogous to traditional electronics, but use ions as charge carriers rather than electrons, and allow for the development of fully chemical systems generating complex signal patterns at high spatiotemporal resolution and biochemical specificity.There are several other techniques for electronic control of substance release, drug delivery, or ion transport related to this form of iontronics. These include techniques such as microfluidic and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based micropumps, [13] iontophoresis, [14,15] and organic electronic redox-mediated controlled release. [11,16] In comparison to these technologies, iontronic drug delivery provides a means of simultaneously achieving high delivery precision, minimal (or zero) liquid transport that could interfere with fragile biochemical microenvironments, continuous resupply of the transported substance, and (in principle) exact control over delivered amounts, even at speeds on par with synaptic signaling. In addition, as they are based on well-established solid-state device manufacturing techniques, iontronic components and systems can be miniaturized, addressed, and integrated with complex electronic systems in a straightforward manner. These features of iontronics combine to enable the lowest dose possible. With other techniques for substance release and transport, larger doses are often distributed (usually in solution phase) with less control, which could result in unwanted side effects. Other technologies have their advantages primarily in potentially simpler device design, the ability to transport larger molecules (e.g., In contrast to electronic systems, biology rarely uses electrons as the signal to regulate functions, but rather ions and molecules of varying size. Due to the unique combination of both electronic and ionic/molecular conductivity in conjugated polymers and polyelectrolytes, these materials have emerged as an excellent tool for translating signals between these two realms, hence the field of organic bioelectroni...

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“…Further, the number density of fixed charges should be sufficient for ion-selective transport, and the distribution of charges should be as homogeneous as possible. Moreover, the monolithic ion transport medium should be obtained by polymerization of molecules via reactions that can be triggered by external stimuli such as heat or actinic irradiation under atmospheric conditions to form bonds that are stable at the extreme pH-values that may occur in ion transport devices (Seitanidou et al, 2017). For straightforward filling of the microfluidic channel, the composition forming the ion transport medium (monomers and polymerization initiators) should exist as a single-phase fluid to enable filling using a minimum of solvent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Monolithic Ion-Selective Transport Media Based on “Click” Cross-Linked Hyperbranched Polyglycerol

et al. 2019

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In the emerging field of organic bioelectronics, conducting polymers and ion-selective membranes are combined to form resistors, diodes, transistors, and circuits that transport and process both electronic and ionic signals. Such bioelectronics concepts have been explored in delivery devices that translate electronic addressing signals into the transport and dispensing of small charged biomolecules at high specificity and spatiotemporal resolution. Manufacturing such “iontronic” devices generally involves classical thin film processing of polyelectrolyte layers and insulators followed by application of electrolytes. This approach makes miniaturization and integration difficult, simply because the ion selective polyelectrolytes swell after completing the manufacturing. To advance such bioelectronics/iontronics and to enable applications where relatively larger molecules can be delivered, it is important to develop a versatile material system in which the charge/size selectivity can be easily tailormade at the same time enabling easy manufacturing of complex and miniaturized structures. Here, we report a one-pot synthesis approach with minimal amount of organic solvent to achieve cationic hyperbranched polyglycerol films for iontronics applications. The hyperbranched structure allows for tunable pre multi-functionalization, which combines available unsaturated groups used in crosslinking along with ionic groups for electrolytic properties, to achieve a one-step process when applied in devices for monolithic membrane gel formation with selective electrophoretic transport of molecules.

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pH Dependence of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Iontronic Transport

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Modulating Inflammation in Monocytes Using Capillary Fiber Organic Electronic Ion Pumps

Modulating Inflammation in Monocytes Using Capillary Fiber Organic Electronic Ion Pumps

A Decade of Iontronic Delivery Devices

Formation of Monolithic Ion-Selective Transport Media Based on “Click” Cross-Linked Hyperbranched Polyglycerol

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