pH dependence of the interactions in blood pressure transduction

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“…15). In the first order transduction phase, the constant 'a' represents exponential rise or decay during the phase of catecholamine activation [4-6]. …”

“…This is shown in Fig. 18, which illustrates the catecholamine activation phase for a normal subject (dissipative system) [4,5,11,13]. Fig.…”

“…Homeostasis is the set of processes by which constant or 'static' conditions are maintained within the internal environment of a subject [6,7,11]; a homeostat is a controller involved in maintaining homeostasis.…”

“…It is therefore evident that both α and β receptors have inhibitory and excitatory functions [11]. Blood pressure transduction phases are associated with activation of α and β receptors [4-6]. …”

“…Biofeedback is useful for migraine treatment. Stimulation or inhibition of specific adrenergic receptors, mediated through catecholamines, often help relieve the pain, inducing a feeling of drowsiness by a process associated with the smelling of ripe mango or fresh lemon [4]. …”