PGPR-Mediated Amelioration of Crops Under Salt Stress

Bacillus megaterium strain A12 ameliorates salinity stress in tomato plants through multiple mechanisms

“…PGPR can promote plant growth by both directly and indirectly mechanisms. The direct mechanisms included root growth promotion, rhizoremediation and stress mitigation (Vaishnav et al 2016;Jha and Subramanian 2018). In addition to that, PGPR modulate physiological processes through perturbation of metabolism of plants (Ilangumaran and Smith 2017).…”

When Salt Meddles Between Plant, Soil, and Microorganisms

“…Bashan et al (2000) showed that in the leaves of halophytes inoculated with halotolerant PGPRs, as species of the genera Azospirillum, Vibrio, Bacillus, and Phyllobacterium, the P content increased. Vaishnav et al (2016) used a hydroponic system to demonstrate how insoluble phosphate-solubilising bacteria that solubilise sedimentary phosphorous actively increased the availability of assimilable P to plants in salinity stress conditions. Yadav et al (2011) reported the contribution of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, and Trichoderma harzianum in phosphate solubilisation and their beneficial effects on chickpea growth.…”

“…(2000) showed that in the leaves of halophytes inoculated with halotolerant PGPRs, as species of the genera Azospirillum , Vibrio, Bacillus , and Phyllobacteriu m, the P content increased. Vaishnav et al. (2016) used a hydroponic system to demonstrate how insoluble phosphate-solubilising bacteria that solubilise sedimentary phosphorous actively increased the availability of assimilable P to plants in salinity stress conditions.…”

“…This means that agricultural productivity will be reduced due to the decline in cultivable land, with a consequent increase in the number of people suffering from hunger. Plants are the first in the chain of food production to be hit by salinity stress, which hampers their basic physiological and biochemical processes, such as water absorption and photosynthesis, thus resulting in overall reduced growth (Vaishnav et al, 2016). However, plants develop various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular strategies in response to salinity in their environment (Meng et al, 2018).…”

Deciphering the Symbiotic Plant Microbiome: Translating the Most Recent Discoveries on Rhizobia for the Improvement of Agricultural Practices in Metal-Contaminated and High Saline Lands

“…S. meliloti strains overexpressing betS displayed improved nitrogen fixation phenotypes during salt stress [110], while salt-sensitive Rhizobium tropici mutants were poor symbionts even in the absence of stress [111]. Finally, ACC-deaminases encoded by some rhizobia can reduce the overproduction of the plant gas hormone ethylene during abiotic stresses [38,112], reducing the deleterious effect of ethylene and thus improving plant growth [113].…”