PGM-free Fe-N-C catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: Catalyst layer design

Stariha, Sarah; Artyushkova, Kateryna; Workman, Michael J.; Serov, Alexey; McKinney, Sam; Halevi, Barr; Atanassov, Plamen

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.06.098

Cited by 80 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Because it is highly improbable that the ionomer is able to penetrate into these pores [based on the size of hydrophilic domains of the ionomer ( 24 )], this has important implications for the understanding of proton transport to/within the catalyst. Many researchers in this field have been specifically focusing on increasing the mesoporosity of their catalysts ( 8 , 10 , 25 ). Our results indicate that through rational design of the catalyst layer, extremely high performance can actually be achieved with a catalyst that is largely microporous.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical advancements in achieving high power and stable nonprecious metal catalyst–based MEAs for real-world proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications

et al. 2018

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical advancements in achieving high power and stable nonprecious metal catalyst–based MEAs for real-world proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications

et al. 2018

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“…To reveal the mechanism of HO 2 − generation, Fe-N-C ORR electrocatalysts synthesized with variation of several parameters were analyzed by synchrotron X-ray radiation to build structure-to-properties correlations on the basis of our previous works [30,31,32,33]. The structure of electrocatalysts, which is associated with Fe-N x motive and the presence of Fe metallic particle showed the clear difference in the variation of composition, processing and treatment conditions of SSM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Active Sites of Fe-N-C Nano-Catalysts for Alkaline Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

et al. 2018

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Platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts based on transition metal-nitrogen-carbon nanomaterials have been studied by a combination of ex situ and in situ synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy techniques; high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM); Mößbauer spectroscopy combined with electrochemical methods and Density Functional Theory (DFT) modeling/theoretical approaches. The main objective of this study was to correlate the HO2− generation with the chemical nature and surface availability of active sites in iron-nitrogen-carbon (Fe-N-C) catalysts derived by sacrificial support method (SSM). These nanomaterials present a carbonaceous matrix with nitrogen-doped sites and atomically dispersed and; in some cases; iron and nanoparticles embedded in the carbonaceous matrix. Fe-N-C oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts were synthesized by varying several synthetic parameters to obtain nanomaterials with different composition and morphology. Combining spectroscopy, microscopy and electrochemical reactivity allowed the building of structure-to-properties correlations which demonstrate the contributions of these moieties to the catalyst activity, and mechanistically assign the active sites to individual reaction steps. Associated with Fe-Nx motive and the presence of Fe metallic particles in the electrocatalysts showed the clear differences in the variation of composition; processing and treatment conditions of SSM. From the results of material characterization; catalytic activity and theoretical studies; Fe metallic particles (coated with carbon) are main contributors into the HO2− generation.

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“…Hard templates have been suggested to prevent the metal aggregate and promote the formation of pores. SiO 2 , which can be removed via KOH or HF, has been widely utilized as one of such hard templates [63]. For example, Monteverde Videla et al [64] demonstrated the silica templates in a pyrolyzed FePc system, achieving the more uniform Fe distribution in micropores and thus the increased activity and better 4e − reduction process.…”

Section: Hard-template Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced transition metal/nitrogen/carbon-based electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications

et al. 2020

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The development of advanced transition metal/nitrogen/carbon-based (M/N/C) catalysts with high activity and extended durability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for platinum-group-metal (PGM) free fuel cells but still remains great challenging. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in two typical M/N/C catalysts (atomically dispersed metalnitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts and carbon-supported metal nanoparticles with N-doped carbon shells (M@NC)) with an emphasis on their potential applications in fuel cells. Starting with understanding the active sites in these two types of catalysts, the representative innovative strategies for enhancing their intrinsic activity and increasing the density of these sites are systematically introduced. The synergistic effects of M-N-C and M@NC are subsequently discussed for those M/N/C catalysts combining both of them. To translate the material-level catalyst performance into high-performance devices, we also include the recent progress in engineering the porous structure and durability of M/N/C catalysts towards efficient performance in fuel cell devices. From the viewpoint of industrial applications, the scale-up cost-effective synthesis of M/N/C catalysts has been lastly briefed. With this knowledge, the challenges and perspectives in designing advanced M/N/C catalysts for potential PGM-free fuel cells are proposed.

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PGM-free Fe-N-C catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: Catalyst layer design

Cited by 80 publications

References 32 publications

Critical advancements in achieving high power and stable nonprecious metal catalyst–based MEAs for real-world proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications

Critical advancements in achieving high power and stable nonprecious metal catalyst–based MEAs for real-world proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications

Structure of Active Sites of Fe-N-C Nano-Catalysts for Alkaline Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Advanced transition metal/nitrogen/carbon-based electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications

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