PGK1 a Potential Marker for Peritoneal Dissemination in Gastric Cancer

Zieker, Derek; Königsrainer, Ingmar; Traub, Frank; Nieselt, Kay; Knapp, Bettina L.; Schillinger, Christian; Stirnkorb, Christian; Fend, Falko; Northoff, Hinnak; Kupka, Susan; Brücher, Björn L.D.M.; Königsrainer, Alfred

doi:10.1159/000129635

Cited by 60 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Lastly, expression of PGK1 has been shown to be increased by tissue hypoxia (16), regulated by signaling through the CXCR4 chemokine receptor (19), and elevated in HPV-associated respiratory papillomas (J. A. DeVoti, personal communication) as well as in various human cancers (9,10,20,21).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Reference Genes in Cervical Cell Samples from Human Papillomavirus-Infected and -Uninfected Women for Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays

Daud

Scott

2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Reference genes for quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) studies must be validated for the cell type studied and should be stable between the groups that represent the independent variable in an experimental design. We sought to identify the reference genes in cervical cell specimens showing the most stable expression between human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected and -uninfected women without high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Using endocervical cells collected by cytology brush and Sybr green-based qRT-PCR, eight candidate genes were screened for amplification efficiency, specificity, and overall stability (by use of geNorm software). The five most stable genes were then further evaluated both for overall stability (geNorm) and intergroup stability (by use of NormFinder software) in specimens from HPV-negative and HPV-positive women. The combination of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) and RPLP0 was the most stable overall, with a geNorm stability measure of 0.603. The intergroup analysis showed GAPDH to be the most stable single gene and RPLP0 to be second most stable and also showed that these genes represent the most stable two-gene combination, with a NormFinder stability value of 0.130. The fact that these two distinct approaches identified the same pair of genes provides added confidence that, when the focus is on HPV infection, a normalization factor derived from these two genes is likely to be appropriate.An ideal universal reference gene for quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) studies would be stably expressed across tissue and cell types and independent of disease state, therapeutic intervention, physiologic covariates, or ex vivo manipulation; unfortunately, such a gene has never been identified and may not exist. Because of exponential amplification, validation of the expression stability of a candidate reference gene carries the same requirement for an independently stable reference against which to normalize input differences as does quantitation of a gene of interest (GOI). Recently, several algorithms have been developed to circumvent this problem (1,8,14,18). The approach of Vandesompele et al. starts with the proposition that the expression ratio of two suitable reference genes should be constant across samples to be studied and thus uses a pairwise evaluation strategy to identify the most stable genes from a pool of candidates (18). In contrast, that of Andersen et al. addresses directly the requirement for stable expression of the reference between the groups that represent the independent variable in an experimental design (e.g., pre-and posttreatment or infected versus uninfected) (1). Both algorithms can be automated using Microsoft Excel-based applications available from the respective authors.One area where studies of gene expression have been gaining momentum is in the investigation of diseases of the female genital tract. When the focus of such work is on the cervical mucosa, as in studies of cervical neoplasia or sexually tra...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Reference Genes in Cervical Cell Samples from Human Papillomavirus-Infected and -Uninfected Women for Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays

Daud

Scott

2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…[21][22][23] Interestingly, the high expression of PGK-1 is significantly correlated with tumor progression, metastasis and multidrug resistance in various cancers. 21,22,[24][25][26] It has also been reported that the expression of PGK-1 in PCa cells could induce bone formation 27 and that cancer-associated fibroblasts, which showed strong expression of PGK-1, could promote PCa growth, 28 suggesting that PGK-1 plays important roles in PCa development, progression and bone metastasis. In addition, both PGK-1 and AR genes are located within Xqll-Xql3 region and PGK-1 short tandem repeat polymorphism linkage to AR in the expression of miR-29a has been found to be correlated with short survival, more invasive phenotype, and early recurrence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, upregulated expression of PGK-1 in tumors has been correlated with metastatic phenotype of tumor. 22,23,25 Thus, downregulation of PGK-1 through epigenetic regulation by isoflavone could be another molecular mechanism by which isoflavone would be able to inhibit PCa invasion. However, more mechanistic studies are warranted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic deregulation of miR-29a and miR-1256 by isoflavone contributes to the inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth and invasion

et al. 2012

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“…In non-small lung cancer, CXCLl2 may be involved in the recruitment of CD4+CXCR4 highCD 69 ce lls to tum or tissue (16). In the peritoneum, the expression of CXCLl2 is associated with an increased metastatic rate and homing of ma lignant ce lls (17)(18). CXCR4 is expressed by non-small ce ll lung cancer tissue (19)(20) and by the A549 lung cancer cell line (21) , and its expression is associated with an increased risk of metasta sis (22)(23) and with resistance to chemotherapy (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CXCR4 is expressed by non-small ce ll lung cancer tissue (19)(20) and by the A549 lung cancer cell line (21) , and its expression is associated with an increased risk of metasta sis (22)(23) and with resistance to chemotherapy (5). CXCR4 is also expressed by primary gastric cancer ce lls and by tumor ce lls from peritoneal metastases (17)(18). Thus, CXCL12 may play a role in promoting tumor development or metastasis in an autocrine manner via CXCR4 expressed by tumor cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CXCR4⁺FOXP3⁺CD25⁺ Lymphocytes Accumulate in CXCL12-Expressing Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Shimtzu

Dobashi

Imai

et al. 2009

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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CXCL12 is a chemokine that binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor (CXCR4). CXCL12 is expressed in various tumors and is considered as playing an important role in tumor growth and invasion. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of CXCL12 in human malignant mesothelioma (MM), the chemotactic effect of CXCL12 derived from MM, and the expression of CXCR4 in MM tissues in relation to regulatory T cells. CXCL12 expression was examined by immunostaining of tissue specimens from malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPEM). The MM group comprised 6 patients (4 men/2 women, MPM=4, MPEM=2, aged 56.0 ± 12.4 years) and the control (non-mesothelioma) group also had 6 patients (4 men/2 women aged 65.0 ± 6.7 years). CXCL12 mRNA expression was also examined by RT-PCR in MPM cell lines (H28, H2052, and H2058), while CXCR4 mRNA expression was examined by in situ hybridization in MPM tissue. CXCL12 was expressed in the cytoplasm of MM cells from all patients, but was not expressed in the control group. H2052 and H2058 cells expressed CXCL12 mRNA, but H28 cells did not. CXCL12 in MM tissue homogenate supernatant had a chemotactic effect on CXCR4-expressing THP-1 cells. CXCR4 mRNA was expressed by a part of LCA+CD3+ Foxp3+CD25+ T cells that were located adjacent to the border of CXCL12-expressing epithelioid MPM. These findings suggest that CXCL12 contributed to tumor-related inflammation by inducing the accumulation of CXCR4-expressing cells with regulatory T cell markers around MM.

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PGK1 a Potential Marker for Peritoneal Dissemination in Gastric Cancer

Cited by 60 publications

References 26 publications

Validation of Reference Genes in Cervical Cell Samples from Human Papillomavirus-Infected and -Uninfected Women for Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays

Validation of Reference Genes in Cervical Cell Samples from Human Papillomavirus-Infected and -Uninfected Women for Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays

Epigenetic deregulation of miR-29a and miR-1256 by isoflavone contributes to the inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth and invasion

CXCR4⁺FOXP3⁺CD25⁺ Lymphocytes Accumulate in CXCL12-Expressing Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

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PGK1 a Potential Marker for Peritoneal Dissemination in Gastric Cancer

Cited by 60 publications

References 26 publications

Validation of Reference Genes in Cervical Cell Samples from Human Papillomavirus-Infected and -Uninfected Women for Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays

Validation of Reference Genes in Cervical Cell Samples from Human Papillomavirus-Infected and -Uninfected Women for Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays

Epigenetic deregulation of miR-29a and miR-1256 by isoflavone contributes to the inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth and invasion

CXCR4+FOXP3+CD25+ Lymphocytes Accumulate in CXCL12-Expressing Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

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CXCR4⁺FOXP3⁺CD25⁺ Lymphocytes Accumulate in CXCL12-Expressing Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma