PGE2 facilitates tail regeneration via activation of Wnt signaling in Gekko japonicus

Xu, Man; Wang, Tiantian; Li, Wenjuan; Wang, Yin; Xu, Yanran; Mao, Zuming; Wu, Ronghua; Liu, Yan

doi:10.1007/s10735-019-09847-7

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Cox2 encodes a cyclo-oxygenase enzyme, which regulates formation of the inflammatory molecule prostaglandin E2. Cox2 is known to be upregulated in lizard ( Gekko japonicus) autotomized tail stumps ( Xu et al., 2019 ). The Cox2 inhibitor indomethacin was shown to retard regeneration in G. japonicus tails, in a wnt signaling-dependent manner ( Xu et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cox2 is known to be upregulated in lizard ( Gekko japonicus) autotomized tail stumps ( Xu et al., 2019 ). The Cox2 inhibitor indomethacin was shown to retard regeneration in G. japonicus tails, in a wnt signaling-dependent manner ( Xu et al., 2019 ). Prostaglandin E2 also inhibits NF-κB activity, via IKK in fibroblasts ( Gomez et al., 2005 ), suggesting a mechanism whereby the pro-inflammatory response can be self-regulating ( Figure 7 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial lipopolysaccharides can initiate regeneration of the Xenopus tadpole tail

Bishop

Beck

2021

iScience

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Summary Tadpoles of the frog Xenopus laevis can regenerate tails except for a short “refractory” period in which they heal rather than regenerate. Rapid and sustained production of ROS by NADPH oxidase (Nox) is critical for regeneration. Here, we show that tail amputation results in rapid, transient activation of the ROS-activated transcription factor NF-κB and expression of its direct target cox2 in the wound epithelium. Activation of NF-κB is also sufficient to rescue refractory tail regeneration. We propose that bacteria on the tadpole's skin could influence tail regenerative outcomes, possibly via LPS-TLR4-NF-κB signaling. When raised in antibiotics, fewer tadpoles in the refractory stage attempted regeneration, whereas addition of LPS rescued regeneration. Short-term activation of NF-κB using small molecules enhanced regeneration of tadpole hindlimbs, but not froglet forelimbs. We propose a model in which host microbiome contributes to creating optimal conditions for regeneration, via regulation of NF-κB by the innate immune system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides can initiate regeneration of the Xenopus tadpole tail

Bishop

Beck

2021

iScience

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“…Akt/mTOR pathway activation is inhibited during tail regeneration under low temperature. A thin layer of wound epithelium appeared on the 7th day after tail amputation, which induced the blastama formation thereafter 24 . Akt and mTOR are known to be involved in the regulation of growth, development and energy utilization 25,26 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tail autotomy was exerted following the protocols issued previously by our lab members 24 . Concisely, caudectomy was performed by locating a nylon slipknot at the 6th tail segment and then pulling gently to simulate the stimulation of autotomy in the natural environment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The delayed scab shedding indicated deficiency of the wounding epithelium formation, which always led to failure of regeneration. The subsequent regeneration was evaluated by the length of regenerated tails that described in our previous study 24 , mainly detected by morphology observation, pathological investigation and molecular markers indication that detailed below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Akt/mTOR integrate energy metabolism with Wnt signal to influence wound epithelium growth in Gekko Japonicus

et al. 2022

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The formation of wound epithelium initiates regeneration of amputated tail in Gekko japonicus. Energy metabolism is indispensable for the growth of living creatures and typically influenced by temperature. In this study, we reveal that low temperature lowers energy metabolism level and inhibits the regeneration of amputated tails of Gekko japonicus. We further find that low temperature attenuates the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in regenerated tissues upon injury signals, and the inhibition of Akt hinders proliferation of the wound epithelium. Additionally, wingless/integrated (Wnt) inhibition suppresses epithelium proliferation and formation by inhibiting Akt activation. Finally, low temperature elevates the activity of adenylate-activated kinase (AMPK) pathway and in turn attenuates wound epithelium formation. Meanwhile, either mTOR downregulation or AMPK upregulation is associated with worse wound epithelium formation. Summarily, low temperature restricts wound epithelium formation by influencing energy sensory pathways including Akt/mTOR and AMPK signaling, which is also modulated by injury induced Wnt signal. Our results provide a mechanism that incorporates the injury signals with metabolic pathway to facilitate regeneration.

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Red LED light therapy associated with epidermal growth factor on wound repair process in rats

et al. 2023

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PGE2 facilitates tail regeneration via activation of Wnt signaling in Gekko japonicus

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides can initiate regeneration of the Xenopus tadpole tail

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides can initiate regeneration of the Xenopus tadpole tail

Akt/mTOR integrate energy metabolism with Wnt signal to influence wound epithelium growth in Gekko Japonicus

Red LED light therapy associated with epidermal growth factor on wound repair process in rats

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