“…These characteristics allow software developers to control their data with a finer and more flexible read/write unit, which is 256 bytes in the case of Intel Optane. As a result, academic and industrial researchers have proposed various middleware and libraries, such as databases [7,19,31], hash tables [16,17,27], and tree-structured indexes [11,18,33,34]. Although Intel Optane, the first persistent memory product, is no longer in production, vendors have continued to develop technologies such as Storage Class Memory (SCM) and Compute Express Link (CXL) that will reach persistent memory [6].…”