PFR ancillary service in low‐inertia power system

Liu, Weifeng; Du, Pengwei; Liu, Ning

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1536

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Finally, due to IBR, North American Electric Reliability Corporation and Hydro-Québec TransÉnergie (HQT) [45] observed a decrease in their respective system inertia and frequency response, which both proposed the use of synthetic inertia as a viable remedy. The Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), in the United States of America (USA), has recently faced some technical issues due to the high IBR [46]. Issues arose as overall ERCOT inertia declined from 152 GW.s to 130 GW.s between 2015 and 2017, which was partially attributed to the reduction in the net load [47].…”

Section: Rate Of Change Of Frequency In Large Synchronous Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of frequency control techniques in power systems with high inverter‐based resources: Challenges and mitigation measures

et al. 2023

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Power systems are rapidly transitioning towards having an increasing proportion of electricity from inverter‐based resources (IBR) such as wind and solar. An inevitable consequence of a power system transition towards 100% IBR is the loss of synchronous generators with their associated inertia, frequency, and voltage control mechanisms. To ensure future grid needs can be met, the source of system services to meet these needs must change from synchronous plants to IBR. Under this context, the main objective is to extensively review grid frequency stability challenges concerning the massive integration of IBR from the perspective of system operators. Following that, the newly established international fast frequency response services in different renewable dominant power systems to address low inertia challenges are compared from various perspectives. Finally, potential solutions based on various renewable enabling technologies and renewable sources are investigated from the standpoint of their expectation to play an active role in the energy system and to provide a wide range of system frequency services. The findings of this study provide a deep understanding of prospective frequency control solutions and an actionable dataset that will support various research and policy needs as we approach net‐zero targets.

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Section: Rate Of Change Of Frequency In Large Synchronous Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of frequency control techniques in power systems with high inverter‐based resources: Challenges and mitigation measures

et al. 2023

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“…The integration of renewable energy sources such as wind turbines (WTs) in the power system has increased significantly. Unlike the synchronous generators (SGs), WTs are connected to the power system through power electronic converters that lead to a noticeable reduction in the system inertia [1]. These beside uncertainties associated with generation power of WTs lead to frequency excursions which impose severe challenges to operators of power systems in maintaining frequency security [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency‐constrained energy and reserve scheduling in wind incorporated low‐inertia power systems considering vanadium flow redox batteries

Mohiti

Mazidi

Kermani

et al. 2022

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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This paper proposes a novel energy and reserve scheduling model for power systems with high penetration of wind turbines (WTs). The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the total operation cost of the system while static and dynamic security is guaranteed by preserving the frequency nadir, RoCoF, and quasi-steady-state frequency in the predefined range. Likewise, a supervisory, control, and data acquisition (SCADA) system is developed which allows Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) to continuously communicate and participate in the primary frequency response. To cope with the uncertainties, adaptive information gap decision theory is used that ensures a target operating cost for the risk-averse operator of the power system. The proposed scheduling model is applied on a modified IEEE 39 bus test system to verify the impacts of the fast reserve provided by the VRFBs in the dynamic frequency security enhancement of the power system with high penetration of WTs.

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“…More detailed models of the governor responses are adopted in [25][26] to calculate the pricing of PFR influenced by different dynamic characteristics of the governors. The problem formulation accounting for PFR constraints in unit commitment is described in [27]. Those theoretic studies focused primarily on the provision of PFR from synchronous generators without considering other viable resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these theoretic works reported in [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] have been performed assuming that no changes are applied to existing AS products. The practical effort to reinvent the AS products is still lacking, but it is imperative to incentivize the resources like batteries to provide fast frequency response capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Ancillary Service Market for ERCOT

Du¹,

Mago²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Ancillary services (AS) are the services necessary to support the transmission of electric power from generators to consumers given the obligations of control areas and transmitting utilities within those control areas to maintain reliable operations of the interconnected transmission system. As a result of the increasing penetration of renewable resources, the new reliability needs are emerging so that the changes made to the AS market become necessary. This paper presents a new AS framework being implemented at the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) in order to address the primary frequency control issues associated with the declining system inertia. This new design can balance the need for both reliability and economics while opening up the AS market to the traditional and non-traditional resources, including load resources with under-frequency relays and energy-limited resources like batteries. This paper also introduces a new way to quantify the benefits of the new AS design using ERCOT model and data.

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PFR ancillary service in low‐inertia power system

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Overview of frequency control techniques in power systems with high inverter‐based resources: Challenges and mitigation measures

Overview of frequency control techniques in power systems with high inverter‐based resources: Challenges and mitigation measures

Frequency‐constrained energy and reserve scheduling in wind incorporated low‐inertia power systems considering vanadium flow redox batteries

New Ancillary Service Market for ERCOT

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