Pflanzliche Infektionslehre

Gäumann, E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-6806-8

Cited by 244 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless a vertically and maternally distribution of fungal material via seeds can imply an additional source of infection beside the ascospores which seems to infect only needles. Latent infections of plant material by pathogens have been recognized for a long time (Gäumann 1951) and they may become virulent under environmental stress (Brown et al 1998). For Douglas-fir such stress situations are realized in dense stands with reduced air circulation and high humidity.…”

Section: Endophytes In Changing Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytes in changing environments - do we need new concepts in forest management?

Krabel¹,

Morgenstern²,

Herzog³

2013

iForest

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Section: Endophytes In Changing Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytes in changing environments - do we need new concepts in forest management?

Krabel¹,

Morgenstern²,

Herzog³

2013

iForest

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“…Depending upon the range of plants they attack, fungal pathogens must follow more or less specialized modes of penetration and growth within the plant (DeBary, 1884; Gaumann, 1951;Wood, 1967). Reviews dealing with general hyphal features, such as tip growth (Heath, 1990o, 6, Hohl, 1992, and with infection by fungal zoospores or mycorrhizal fungi (Bonfante-Fasolo & Perotto, 1992;Hardham, 1992), have been published recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection structures of fungal plant pathogens – a cytological and physiological evaluation

1993

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SUMMARY Many fungi differentiate specific infection structures in order to infect the host plant. The spore attaches to the host surface, the cuticle, and the germ tube may recognize suitable penetration sites, over which an appressorium is formed. Additional wall layers in appressoria of many fungi suggest that this structure supports increasing pressure during the penetration process. During appressorium formation, synthesis of polymer‐degrading enzymes is often initiated. Cutinases, cellulases and pectin‐degrading enzymes can be formed in a developmentally controlled or adaptive, i.e. substrate‐dependent, fashion. The penetration hypha develops below the appressorium. This hypha has a new wall structure and exhibits features which serve to breach the plant cell wall. However, at present it is not clear whether penetration hyphae arising from appressoria are more efficient in penetration or induce less damage than hyphae which penetrate without detectable special adaptations. The infection hypha differentiates within the host. During differentiation a characteristic set of enzymes is synthesized to enable successful establishment of the host‐pathogen relationship. If, as in most cases, multiple forms of cell wall‐degrading enzymes are formed by the pathogen, mutagenesis or deletion of a gene encoding one of these enzymes very often has no effect on pathogenicity or even virulence. Proof is missing very often that an enzyme is needed at the right time and at the right site of infection. Events occurring during differentiation of fungal infection structures are reviewed with special emphasis on Magnaporthe grisea, Colletotrichum spp., and rust fungi, and common features which may be of importance to the success of infection are discussed.

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“…This wider definition would include actively growing hyphae of a large number of symptomless infections and currently serves as a descriptive basis for fungal endophytes. However, symptomless infections have been redefined and are considered biologically relevant (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Before we focus on controls of endophytic fungi, we must first define endophytic microorganisms, which will justify the control strategies discussed in this review.…”

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confidence: 99%